Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2011 Jun;32(6):765-80. doi: 10.1038/aps.2011.57. Epub 2011 May 23.
ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels are cell metabolic sensors that couple cell metabolic status to electric activity, thus regulating many cellular functions. In pancreatic beta cells, K(ATP) channels modulate insulin secretion in response to fluctuations in plasma glucose level, and play an important role in glucose homeostasis. Recent studies show that gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations in K(ATP) channel subunits cause neonatal diabetes mellitus and congenital hyperinsulinism respectively. These findings lead to significant changes in the diagnosis and treatment for neonatal insulin secretion disorders. This review describes the physiological and pathophysiological functions of K(ATP) channels in glucose homeostasis, their specific roles in neonatal diabetes mellitus and congenital hyperinsulinism, as well as future perspectives of K(ATP) channels in neonatal diseases.
三磷酸腺苷敏感性钾（K(ATP)）通道是细胞代谢传感器，可将细胞代谢状态与电活性偶联，从而调节许多细胞功能。在胰腺β细胞中，K(ATP)通道可响应血浆葡萄糖水平的波动来调节胰岛素分泌，在葡萄糖稳态中发挥重要作用。最近的研究表明，K(ATP)通道亚基的功能获得性和功能丧失性突变分别导致新生儿糖尿病和先天性高胰岛素血症。这些发现导致新生儿胰岛素分泌障碍的诊断和治疗发生重大变化。本综述描述了 K(ATP)通道在葡萄糖稳态中的生理和病理生理学功能，其在新生儿糖尿病和先天性高胰岛素血症中的特定作用，以及 K(ATP)通道在新生儿疾病中的未来展望。
