School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2011 Jul;101(1):164-84. doi: 10.1037/a0023663.
What is more important: to provide citizens with more money or with more autonomy for their subjective well-being? In the current meta-analysis, the authors examined national levels of well-being on the basis of lack of psychological health, anxiety, and stress measures. Data are available for 63 countries, with a total sample of 420,599 individuals. Using a 3-level variance-known model, the authors found that individualism was a consistently better predictor than wealth, after controlling for measurement, sample, and temporal variations. Despite some emerging nonlinear trends and interactions between wealth and individualism, the overall pattern strongly suggests that greater individualism is consistently associated with more well-being. Wealth may influence well-being only via its effect on individualism. Implications of the findings for well-being research and applications are outlined.
为公民提供更多的金钱，还是更多的主观幸福感自主权？在本次元分析中，作者基于缺乏心理健康、焦虑和压力测量的指标，考察了各国的幸福感水平。数据可用于 63 个国家，共有 420599 人参与了总样本。使用 3 级方差已知模型，作者发现，在控制了测量、样本和时间变化后，个人主义比财富更能一致地预测幸福感。尽管存在一些新兴的非线性趋势和财富与个人主义之间的相互作用，但总体模式强烈表明，更大的个人主义与更高的幸福感密切相关。财富对幸福感的影响可能仅通过其对个人主义的影响。本文还概述了这些发现对幸福感研究和应用的意义。
