Chik Z, Haron D E Mohamad, Ahmad E D, Taha H, Mustafa A M
a Shimadzu-UMMC Centre for Xenobiotics Studies (SUCXeS), Department of Pharmacology , Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2011;28(7):967-73. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2011.576401. Epub 2011 May 23.
Migration of melamine has been determined for 41 types of retail melamine-ware products in Malaysia. This study was initiated by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia, in the midst of public anxiety on the possibility of melamine leaching into foods that come into contact with the melamine-ware. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the level of melamine migration in melamine utensils available on the market. Samples of melamine tableware, including cups and plates, forks and spoons, tumblers, bowls, etc., were collected from various retail outlets. Following the test guidelines for melamine migration set by the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN 2004) with some modifications, the samples were exposed to two types of food simulants (3% acetic acid and distilled water) at three test conditions (25°C (room temperature), 70 and 100°C) for 30 min. Melamine analysis was carried out using LC-MS/MS with a HILIC column and mobile phase consisting of ammonium acetate/formic acid (0.05%) in water and ammonium acetate/formic acid (0.05%) in acetonitrile (95 : 5, v/v). The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 5 ng/ml. Melamine migration was detected from all samples. For the articles tested with distilled water, melamine migration were [median (interquartile range)] 22.2 (32.6), 49.3 (50.9), 84.9 (89.9) ng/ml at room temperature (25°C), 70 and 100°C, respectively. In 3% acetic acid, melamine migration was 31.5 (35.7), 81.5 (76.2), 122.0 (126.7) ng/ml at room temperature (25°C), 70 and 100°C, respectively. This study suggests that excessive heat and acidity may directly affect melamine migration from melamine-ware products. However the results showed that melamine migration in the tested items were well below the specific migration limit (SML) of 30 mg/kg (30,000 ng/ml) set out in European Commission Directive 2002/72/EC.
马来西亚已对41种零售三聚氰胺餐具产品的三聚氰胺迁移情况进行了测定。这项研究由马来西亚卫生部发起，当时公众对三聚氰胺渗入与三聚氰胺餐具接触的食品的可能性感到担忧。因此，本研究的目的是调查市场上三聚氰胺餐具中三聚氰胺的迁移水平。从各个零售网点收集了三聚氰胺餐具样本，包括杯子、盘子、叉子和勺子、平底玻璃杯、碗等。按照欧洲标准化委员会（CEN 2004）制定的三聚氰胺迁移测试指南并做了一些修改，将样本在三种测试条件（25℃（室温）、70℃和100℃）下暴露于两种食品模拟物（3%乙酸和蒸馏水）中30分钟。使用配有HILIC柱的LC-MS/MS进行三聚氰胺分析，流动相由水中的乙酸铵/甲酸（0.05%）和乙腈中的乙酸铵/甲酸（0.05%）（95∶5，v/v）组成。定量限（LOQ）为5 ng/ml。所有样本均检测到三聚氰胺迁移。对于用蒸馏水测试的物品，在室温（25℃）、70℃和100℃下，三聚氰胺迁移量分别为[中位数（四分位间距）]22.2（32.6）、49.3（50.9）、84.9（89.9）ng/ml。在3%乙酸中，在室温（25℃）、70℃和100℃下，三聚氰胺迁移量分别为31.5（35.7）、81.5（76.2）、122.0（126.7）ng/ml。本研究表明，过高的温度和酸度可能直接影响三聚氰胺从三聚氰胺餐具产品中的迁移。然而，结果表明，测试物品中的三聚氰胺迁移量远低于欧盟委员会指令2002/72/EC规定的30 mg/kg（30,000 ng/ml）的特定迁移限量（SML）。
