Quagliarella Livio, Sasanelli Nicola, Belgiovine Giuseppe, Accettura Domenico, Notarnicola Angela, Moretti Biagio
Department of Clinical Methodology and Medical-Surgical Technologies, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
J Appl Biomater Biomech. 2011 Jan-Apr;9(1):40-6. doi: 10.5301/JABB.2011.7732.
The Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) is widely used as a field test to evaluate the muscular explosive power of lower limbs in various sports, including soccer. The aim of the present study was to verify the possibility to discriminate the effect of training level and age on young adult male soccer players, adopting the flight time, the peak force, or the peak power obtained from a countermovement jump.
One hundred and twenty three young male soccer players were enrolled in the study; the participants were split into groups according to Tanner's stages (pre- and post-pubertal) and training level (high and low activity). A piezoelectric force plate was used to acquire the ground reaction force used to calculate the flight time, the peak value of the vertical component of the ground reaction force, and the peak value of the developed power.
As expected, the best performances were obtained by the post pubertal highly-trained soccer players. All performance parameters presented statistically significant differences between ages, while only the flight time exhibited statistically significant differences between training levels. After normalization of the experimental data to body height and weight, there were no statistical differences between ages; statistically significant differences were found only for the flight time and for peak power between training levels.
The flight time was the parameter more sensitive to detect differences in the jump performance related to training and age. Adopting a normalization procedure it was possible to highlight that only the flight time and the peak power are sensitive to training effects on young adult male soccer players.
反向纵跳（CMJ）被广泛用作一项现场测试，以评估包括足球在内的各种运动中下肢的肌肉爆发力。本研究的目的是通过反向纵跳获得的飞行时间、峰值力或峰值功率，验证区分训练水平和年龄对年轻成年男性足球运动员影响的可能性。
123名年轻男性足球运动员参与了本研究；参与者根据坦纳阶段（青春期前和青春期后）和训练水平（高活动量和低活动量）进行分组。使用压电式测力板采集地面反作用力，用于计算飞行时间、地面反作用力垂直分量的峰值以及所产生功率的峰值。
正如预期的那样，青春期后训练有素的足球运动员表现最佳。所有性能参数在年龄之间均呈现出统计学上的显著差异，而只有飞行时间在训练水平之间表现出统计学上的显著差异。将实验数据按身高和体重进行归一化处理后，年龄之间没有统计学差异；仅在飞行时间和训练水平之间的峰值功率上发现了统计学上的显著差异。
飞行时间是检测与训练和年龄相关的跳跃性能差异更敏感的参数。采用归一化程序可以突出显示，只有飞行时间和峰值功率对年轻成年男性足球运动员的训练效果敏感。
