Falces-Prieto Moisés, Sáez de Villarreal-Sáez Eduardo, Raya-González Javier, González-Fernández Francisco Tomás, Clemente Filipe Manuel, Badicu Georgian, Murawska-Ciałowicz Eugenia
Research Center High Performance Soccer, Marcet Academy, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Football and Science, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain.
Front Physiol. 2021 Nov 5;12:771684. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.771684. eCollection 2021.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 15 weeks (2/week) of two different resistance training (RT) programs [the self-load group (SG) vs. the overload group (OG)] on selected measures of physical performance in young male soccer players. The countermovement jump (CMJ), aerobic endurance (VO max), and body composition [body mass (BM), height (H), body fat percentage (% BF), and lean mass (LM)] were measured before and after the 15-week RT interventions. Subjects were randomized to treatments: 1. SG [age = 15.34 ± 1.34 years]; 2. OG [age = 16.28 ± 1.21 years]. The level of significance set for the study ( ≤ 0.05). Within-group analysis did report significant differences in all variables for the SG ( = 0.008 to 0.001; ES = -0.33 to 1.41, small to large) as in the OG ( = 0.001; ES = 0.82 to 1.30, large). Between-groups analysis reported differences in CMJ ( = 4.32; = 0.004) for the OG. The main findings of this study indicated that RT with and without external load was effective in improving the measures of physical performance in young soccer players, with special attention to jumping ability, where the OG group was more effective. Furthermore, there is no interference to aerobic endurance. It is recommended that soccer coaches implement RT without external load in the early stages of training or in players with late maturation development and in those soccer clubs with limited material resources.
本研究的目的是考察15周（每周2次）两种不同的阻力训练（RT）计划[自重训练组（SG）与超负荷训练组（OG）]对年轻男性足球运动员选定身体机能指标的影响。在为期15周的RT干预前后，测量了反向纵跳（CMJ）、有氧耐力（最大摄氧量）和身体成分[体重（BM）、身高（H）、体脂百分比（%BF）和瘦体重（LM）]。受试者被随机分配到各治疗组：1. SG组[年龄=15.34±1.34岁]；2. OG组[年龄=16.28±1.21岁]。本研究设定的显著性水平为≤0.05。组内分析确实报告了SG组所有变量的显著差异（P=0.008至0.001；效应量= -0.33至1.41，小到中），OG组情况相同（P=0.001；效应量=0.82至1.30，中）。组间分析报告OG组的CMJ存在差异（P=4.32；P=0.004）。本研究的主要发现表明，有或无外部负荷的RT对提高年轻足球运动员的身体机能指标有效，尤其要关注跳跃能力，其中OG组更有效。此外，对有氧耐力没有干扰。建议足球教练在训练初期或发育较晚的球员以及物质资源有限的足球俱乐部中实施无外部负荷的RT。
