Menzies School of Health Research, Institute of Advanced Studies, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
Subst Use Misuse. 2011;46 Suppl 1:73-83. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2011.580221.
This review examines cognitive, neurological, and neuroanatomical recovery associated with abstinence from volatile substance misuse (VSM). Articles describing functional or structural brain changes longitudinally or cross-sectional reports comparing current and abstinent users were identified and reviewed. A significant lack of empirical studies investigating central nervous system recovery following VSM was noted. The few case reports and group studies identified indicated that cognitive and neurological impairments appear to follow a progression of decline and progression of recovery model, with the severity of impairment related to the duration and severity of misuse, blood lead levels among leaded petrol misusers, and the duration of abstinence for recovery. By contrast, severe neurological impairment known as lead encephalopathy from sniffing leaded petrol occurred as more catastrophic or abrupt damage to cerebellar processes that may never fully recover. Neuroanatomical damage may not recover even with prolonged abstinence.
这篇综述考察了与戒除挥发性物质滥用（VSM）相关的认知、神经和神经解剖学的恢复。本文描述了功能或结构脑变化的纵向或横断面报告，比较了当前和戒断使用者。研究发现，缺乏调查 VSM 后中枢神经系统恢复的实证研究。确定的少数案例报告和组研究表明，认知和神经损伤似乎遵循一个衰退和恢复模型的进展，损伤的严重程度与滥用的持续时间和严重程度、含铅汽油滥用者的血铅水平以及恢复的禁欲时间有关。相比之下，从嗅吸含铅汽油中产生的称为铅性脑病的严重神经损伤，是对小脑过程的更灾难性或突然的损害，这些损害可能永远无法完全恢复。即使长期禁欲，神经解剖学损伤也可能无法恢复。
