EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
J Virol. 2011 Aug;85(15):7922-7. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00834-11. Epub 2011 May 25.
Productive infection of macrophages is central to HIV-1 pathogenesis. Newly formed virions bud into a tubular membranous compartment that is contiguous with the plasma membrane. However, little is known about the structure of this compartment and its potential regulation by infection. Here we characterized this compartment in macrophages using electron tomography and electron microscopy with stereology. We found an intricate, interconnected membrane network that constitutes a preexisting physiologic structure in macrophages but which expands in size upon HIV-1 infection. Membranes required for this expansion were apparently derived from preexisting pools of plasma membrane. Physical connections between this compartment and the extracellular milieu were frequently made by tube-like structures of insufficient diameter for virion passage. We conclude that HIV-1 induces the expansion of a complex membranous labyrinth in macrophages in which the virus buds and can be retained, with potential consequences for transmission and immune evasion.
巨噬细胞的有效感染是 HIV-1 发病机制的核心。新形成的病毒粒子出芽到与质膜连续的管状膜隔室中。然而，人们对该隔室的结构及其感染时的潜在调节知之甚少。在这里，我们使用电子断层扫描和电子显微镜体视学来描述巨噬细胞中的这个隔室。我们发现了一个复杂的、相互连接的膜网络，它构成了巨噬细胞中预先存在的生理结构，但在 HIV-1 感染时会扩大。这种扩张所需的膜显然来自于预先存在的质膜池。这个隔室与细胞外环境之间的物理连接通常是通过直径不足以让病毒粒子通过的管状结构来实现的。我们得出结论，HIV-1 诱导巨噬细胞中复杂的膜迷路扩张，病毒在其中出芽并可以被保留，这可能对传播和免疫逃避产生影响。
