Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
Chem Soc Rev. 2011 Sep;40(9):4539-49. doi: 10.1039/c1cs15087a. Epub 2011 May 25.
Chiral phosphoric acids and derivatives have attracted considerable attention as a powerful tool in asymmetric catalysis. Various enantioselective reactions have been developed by using these efficient Brønsted acid organocatalysts. Although initially the activation was restricted to reactive Brønsted basic substrates, recent reports are demonstrating the versatility of phosphoric acid catalysts in the activation of carbonyl compounds in a stereochemically controlled fashion. This tutorial review gives an overview of enantioselective Brønsted acid catalyzed transformations with the main focus on carbonyl activation. Different activation modes, key features of the catalysts and the applied substrates are presented and discussed with the goal to elucidate the origin of stereoselectivity in these Brønsted acid catalyzed transformations.
手性磷酸及其衍生物作为不对称催化中的有力工具引起了相当大的关注。通过使用这些高效的 Brønsted 酸有机催化剂，已经开发了各种对映选择性反应。尽管最初的活化仅限于反应性 Brønsted 碱性底物，但最近的报道表明磷酸催化剂在立体化学控制方式下活化羰基化合物的多功能性。本综述概述了手性 Brønsted 酸催化的转化，主要重点是羰基的活化。介绍了不同的活化模式、催化剂的关键特征以及应用的底物，并进行了讨论，目的是阐明这些 Brønsted 酸催化转化中立体选择性的起源。
