Potoczek Anna
Klinika Psychiatrii Dorosłych Katedry Psychiatrii UJ CM.
Psychiatr Pol. 2011 Jan-Feb;45(1):21-33.
The author examined psychiatrically a group of 106 patients with difficult asthma and 100 patients with aspirin-induced asthma. The special interest of the study were links between defence mechanisms used by women and men from both groups and severity of their panic and depressive symptoms.
106 consecutive adults with confirmed, physician-diagnosed difficult asthma and 100 patients with aspirin-induced asthma underwent the psychiatric interview and assessment using M.I.N.I 5.0, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS) and the Defence Style Questionnaire. Psychiatric assessment was performed by an experienced liaison psychiatrist according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV diagnosis. In the difficult asthma group there were 78 women (74%) and 28 men (26%). The average age was 51.3 (SD = 14.5) for women and 47.5 (SD = 12.7) for men. In the aspirin induced asthma group there were 66 women (66%) and 34 men (34%). The average age was 52.7 (SD = 12.3) for women and 48.8 (SD = 13.0) for men.
In both groups of asthmatic patients women were majority (74% with difficult asthma and 66% with aspirin-induced asthma) with higher level of anxiety and depressive symptoms than men. Generally in difficult asthma group significantly more often than in aspirin-induced asthma neurotic and immature defence mechanisms were used. In both groups, either in women and in men there was a strong tendency to decrease the use of mature defence mechanisms and increase the use of neurotic and immature defence mechanisms in association with an increase of severity of panic and depressive symptoms.
It is possible that differences in defence mechanisms used by women and men with difficult asthma affect the development, course and severity of their anxiety and depressive symptoms. This may play a special role in the development of difficult asthma phenomenon.
作者对106例难治性哮喘患者和100例阿司匹林诱发哮喘患者进行了精神科检查。该研究的特别关注点在于两组中男性和女性所采用的防御机制与他们惊恐和抑郁症状严重程度之间的联系。
106例经医生确诊的难治性哮喘成年患者和100例阿司匹林诱发哮喘患者接受了精神科访谈，并使用M.I.N.I 5.0、贝克抑郁量表（BDI）、惊恐与广场恐怖量表（PAS）以及防御方式问卷进行评估。由一位经验丰富的联络精神科医生根据ICD - 10和DSM - IV诊断标准进行精神科评估。在难治性哮喘组中，有78名女性（74%）和28名男性（26%）。女性的平均年龄为51.3岁（标准差 = 14.5），男性为47.5岁（标准差 = 12.7）。在阿司匹林诱发哮喘组中，有66名女性（66%）和34名男性（34%）。女性的平均年龄为52.7岁（标准差 = 12.3），男性为48.8岁（标准差 = 13.0）。
在两组哮喘患者中，女性占多数（难治性哮喘组中占74%，阿司匹林诱发哮喘组中占66%），且焦虑和抑郁症状水平高于男性。总体而言，难治性哮喘组比阿司匹林诱发哮喘组更频繁地使用神经症性和不成熟的防御机制。在两组中，无论男性还是女性，随着惊恐和抑郁症状严重程度的增加，都有明显减少使用成熟防御机制、增加使用神经症性和不成熟防御机制的趋势。
难治性哮喘的男性和女性所采用的防御机制差异可能会影响其焦虑和抑郁症状的发生、病程及严重程度。这可能在难治性哮喘现象的发生中起特殊作用。
