Horlocker Terese T
Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
Anesthesiol Clin. 2011 Jun;29(2):257-78. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2011.04.006.
Perioperative nerve injuries are recognized as a complication of regional anesthesia. Although rare, studies suggest the frequency of complications is increasing. Risk factors include neural, traumatic injury during needle or catheter placement, infection, and choice of local anesthetic solution. Neurologic injury due to pressure from improper patient positioning, tightly applied casts or surgical dressings, and surgical trauma are often attributed to regional anesthetic. Body habitus and preexisting neurologic dysfunction may also contribute. The safe conduct of regional anesthesia involves knowledge of patient, anesthetic, and surgical risk factors. Early diagnosis and treatment of reversible etiologies are critical to optimizing neurologic outcome.
围手术期神经损伤被认为是区域麻醉的一种并发症。尽管罕见，但研究表明并发症的发生率正在上升。危险因素包括神经因素、穿刺针或导管置入过程中的创伤、感染以及局部麻醉溶液的选择。因患者体位不当、石膏或手术敷料包扎过紧以及手术创伤导致的压力性神经损伤常被归因于区域麻醉。身体体型和既往存在的神经功能障碍也可能起作用。区域麻醉的安全实施需要了解患者、麻醉和手术相关的危险因素。对可逆病因进行早期诊断和治疗对于优化神经功能结局至关重要。
