School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Building 45, Burgess Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
Gait Posture. 2011 Jun;34(2):239-44. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.05.005. Epub 2011 May 31.
Age-related decline in physical capabilities may lead to older adults experiencing difficulty in performing everyday activities due to high demands placed on the muscles of their lower extremity. This study aimed to determine the biomechanical functional demand in terms of joint moments and maximal muscle capabilities at the knee and hip joints while older adults performed stair ascent (SA) and stair descent (SD). Eighty-four healthy older adults aged 60-88 years were tested. A torque dynamometer attached to a purpose-built plinth was utilized to measure muscle moments at the knee and hip joints. Participants also underwent full body 3-D biomechanical assessment of stair ascent and descent using an 8-camera VICON system (120Hz) with 3 Kistler force plates. Stair negotiation required knee extensor moments in excess of the maximum isometric muscle strength available (SA 103%, SD 120%). For the hip, the levels of demand were high, but were slightly lower than those of the knee joint. Stair negotiation placed a high level of demand on the knee extensors with demand in SA reaching maximal isometric capacity and demand in SD exceeding maximal isometric capacity. The levels of demand leave little reserve capacity for the older adult to draw on in unexpected situations or circumstances.
随着年龄的增长，身体机能下降可能导致老年人在进行日常活动时感到困难，因为下肢肌肉需要承受更高的负荷。本研究旨在确定老年人在进行上下楼梯时，膝关节和髋关节的关节力矩和最大肌肉能力的生物力学功能需求。共有 84 名 60-88 岁健康的老年人接受了测试。一个连接在特制平台上的扭矩测力计用于测量膝关节和髋关节的肌肉力矩。参与者还使用 8 个摄像头的 VICON 系统（120Hz）和 3 个 Kistler 力板进行了完整的上下楼梯的 3D 生物力学评估。上下楼梯需要超过最大等长肌肉力量的膝关节伸肌力矩（上楼梯 103%，下楼梯 120%）。对于髋关节，需求水平较高，但略低于膝关节。上下楼梯对膝关节伸肌的需求很高，上楼梯的需求达到最大等长能力，下楼梯的需求超过最大等长能力。这种需求水平使得老年人几乎没有备用能力来应对意外情况或环境。
