US National Institute on Drug Abuse, Behavioral Neuroscience Section, 251 Bayview Boulevard. Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011 Jun 2;12(8):479-84. doi: 10.1038/nrn3043.
The subjective effects of intravenous cocaine are felt almost immediately, and this immediacy plays an important part in the drug's rewarding impact. The primary rewarding effect of cocaine involves blockade of dopamine reuptake; however, the onset of this action is too late to account for the drug's initial effects. Recent studies suggest that cocaine-predictive cues--including peripheral interoceptive cues generated by cocaine itself--come to cause more direct and earlier reward signalling by activating excitatory inputs to the dopamine system. The conditioned activation of the dopamine system by cocaine-predictive cues offers a new target for potential addiction therapies.
静脉注射可卡因的主观效果几乎是立竿见影的，这种即时性在药物的奖赏作用中起着重要作用。可卡因的主要奖赏效应涉及多巴胺再摄取的阻断;然而，这种作用的开始时间太晚，无法解释药物的初始作用。最近的研究表明，可卡因预测线索——包括可卡因本身产生的外周内脏感觉线索——通过激活多巴胺系统的兴奋性输入，开始引起更直接和更早的奖励信号。可卡因预测线索对多巴胺系统的条件激活为潜在的成瘾治疗提供了一个新的靶点。
