Nussinson Ravit, Seibt Beate, Häfner Michael, Strack Fritz
Department of Education and Psychology, The Open University of Israel, Raanana, 43107, Israel.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2011 Sep;138(1):39-44. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.05.003. Epub 2011 Jun 1.
Recent findings suggest that the unconscious activation of the motivational orientations of approach and avoidance is accompanied by the adoption of a more global and a more local processing style, respectively. A global processing style, in turn, is assumed to instigate a focus on similarities whereas a local processing style is assumed to instigate a focus on differences. Integrating these two ideas, the present research examines the hypothesis that participants under approach perceive objects as more similar to each other than participants under avoidance. To test this assumption, we induced the two motivational orientations and elicited judgments of similarities (Experiments 1 and 2) and differences (Experiment 2) for pairs of pictures. Results confirmed the hypothesis. We propose that the relative attunement to similarities/differences under approach/avoidance is functional because it allows for a flexible conceptualization of the environment/an ability to discern slight deviations from what is expected.
最近的研究结果表明，趋近和回避动机取向的无意识激活分别伴随着采用更整体和更局部的加工方式。反过来，整体加工方式被认为会促使人们关注相似性，而局部加工方式则被认为会促使人们关注差异。综合这两种观点，本研究检验了这样一个假设：处于趋近状态的参与者比处于回避状态的参与者更容易将物体视为彼此更相似。为了验证这一假设，我们诱导出这两种动机取向，并引发对图片对的相似性（实验1和2）和差异性（实验2）的判断。结果证实了这一假设。我们认为，在趋近/回避状态下对相似性/差异性的相对协调是有作用的，因为它能够使人们对环境进行灵活的概念化理解/能够辨别与预期的细微偏差。
