National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
J Biosci Bioeng. 2011 Sep;112(3):233-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.05.005.
To assess the position of Kuro-Koji molds in black Aspergillus, we performed sequence analysis of approximately 2500 nucleotides of partial gene fragments, such as histone 3, on a total of 57 Aspergillus strains, including Aspergillus kawachii NBRC 4308, 12 Kuro-Koji molds isolated from awamori breweries in Japan, Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015, and A. tubingensis ATCC10550. Sequence results showed that all black Aspergillus strains could be classified into 3 types, type N which includes A. niger ATCC 1015, type T which includes A. tubingensis ATCC 10550, and type L which includes A. kawachii NBRC 4308. Phylogenetic analysis showed these three types belong to different clusters. All 12 Kuro-Koji molds isolated from awamori breweries were classified as type L, thus we concluded type L represents the industrial Kuro-Koji molds. We found all type L strains lack the An15g07920 gene which is required for ochratoxin A biosynthesis in black Aspergillus. This sequence is present in the genome of A. niger CBS 513.88 and has homology to the polyketide synthase fragment of A. ochraceus which is involved in ochratoxin A biosynthesis. Based on the industrial importance and the safety of Kuro-Koji molds, we propose to classify the type L strains as Aspergillus luchuensis, as initially reported by Dr. Inui.
为了评估黑曲霉中黑曲霉菌的位置，我们对包括 Aspergillus kawachii NBRC 4308 在内的总共 57 株曲霉属菌株的部分基因片段（如组蛋白 3）的约 2500 个核苷酸进行了序列分析，12 株黑曲霉菌是从日本清酒酿造厂中分离出来的，还有 Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015 和 A. tubingensis ATCC10550。序列结果表明，所有黑色曲霉属菌株可分为 3 种类型，包括 A. niger ATCC 1015 的 N 型、包括 A. tubingensis ATCC 10550 的 T 型和包括 A. kawachii NBRC 4308 的 L 型。系统发育分析表明这 3 种类型属于不同的聚类。从清酒酿造厂中分离出的 12 株黑曲霉菌都被分类为 L 型，因此我们得出结论，L 型代表了工业用黑曲霉菌。我们发现所有的 L 型菌株都缺乏黑曲霉中产生赭曲霉毒素 A 所必需的 An15g07920 基因。该序列存在于 A. niger CBS 513.88 的基因组中，与参与赭曲霉毒素 A 生物合成的 A. ochraceus 的聚酮合酶片段具有同源性。基于黑曲霉菌的工业重要性和安全性，我们建议将 L 型菌株分类为 Inui 博士最初报道的 Aspergillus luchuensis。
