National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, PO Box 11-115, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Environ Manage. 2011 Sep;48(3):602-14. doi: 10.1007/s00267-011-9694-4. Epub 2011 Jun 5.
Biodiversity goals are becoming increasingly important in stream restoration. Typical models of stream restoration are based on the assumption that if habitat is restored then species will return and ecological processes will re-establish. However, a range of constraints at different scales can affect restoration success. Much of the research in stream restoration ecology has focused on habitat constraints, namely the in-stream and riparian conditions required to restore biota. Dispersal constraints are also integral to determining the timescales, trajectory and potential endpoints of a restored ecosystem. Dispersal is both a means of organism recolonization of restored sites and a vital ecological process that maintains viable populations. We review knowledge of dispersal pathways and explore the factors influencing stream invertebrate dispersal. From empirical and modeling studies of restoration in warm-temperate zones of New Zealand, we make predictions about the timescales of stream ecological restoration under differing levels of dispersal constraints. This process of constraints identification and timescale prediction is proposed as a practical step for resource managers to prioritize and appropriately monitor restoration sites and highlights that in some instances, natural recolonization and achievement of biodiversity goals may not occur.
生物多样性目标在溪流恢复中变得越来越重要。典型的溪流恢复模型基于这样的假设，即如果恢复了栖息地，那么物种将返回，生态过程将重新建立。然而，不同尺度的一系列限制因素会影响恢复的成功。溪流恢复生态学的大部分研究都集中在栖息地限制上，即恢复生物所需的溪流和河岸条件。扩散限制也是确定恢复生态系统的时间尺度、轨迹和潜在终点的重要因素。扩散既是生物重新定居恢复地点的一种手段，也是维持有活力种群的重要生态过程。我们回顾了扩散途径的知识，并探讨了影响溪流无脊椎动物扩散的因素。根据新西兰温暖气候带恢复的实证和模型研究，我们对在不同扩散限制水平下的溪流生态恢复的时间尺度做出了预测。我们提出了这种限制识别和时间预测的过程，作为资源管理者优先考虑和适当监测恢复地点的实际步骤，并强调在某些情况下，自然再定居和实现生物多样性目标可能不会发生。
