DTU Environment, Technical University of Denmark, Building 113, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
Environ Pollut. 2011 Oct;159(10):2801-7. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.05.010. Epub 2011 Jun 8.
The dichlobenil metabolite BAM (2,6-dichlorobenzamide) is frequently detected in aquifers e.g. in Denmark despite the mother compound dichlobenil was banned here since 1997. BAM mineralization was investigated at environmentally relevant concentrations in sediment samples. Undisturbed sediment cores with known dichlobenil application were collected from topsoil to 8.5 m below surface resulting in 57 samples hereof 4 aquifer samples. Mineralization was only substantial (>10%) in the uppermost meter of the unsaturated zone. Microbial adaptation, observed as faster mineralization in pre-exposed than in pristine sediments from the same location, was only evident in sandy sediment where dichlobenil was still present, but not in clayey sediments. Higher initial concentrations (1-5000 μg/kg) did not stimulate mineralization in pristine clayey or sandy sediments, or in pre-exposed sand. However, in pre-exposed clay mineralization was stimulated at high concentrations. Furthermore BAM was for the first time mineralized in aerobic aquifer sediments from different BAM-contaminated groundwater locations.
尽管 2,6-二氯苯甲酰胺（BAM）的母体化合物二氯苯醚菊酯自 1997 年起在丹麦被禁用，但它的代谢物 BAM（2,6-二氯苯甲酰胺）仍经常在含水层中被检测到。例如在丹麦。在环境相关浓度下，对沉积物样品中的 BAM 矿化作用进行了研究。从表层土壤到地下 8.5 米处采集了已知应用二氯苯醚菊酯的原状沉积物岩芯，共采集了 57 个样品，其中包括 4 个含水层样品。只有在非饱和带的最上层才有大量的矿化作用（>10%）。微生物适应性，表现为在同一地点的原始沉积物中暴露前的矿化作用更快，仅在仍存在二氯苯醚菊酯的沙质沉积物中明显，而在粘质沉积物中不明显。较高的初始浓度（1-5000μg/kg）并未刺激原始粘质或砂质沉积物中或暴露前砂中的矿化作用。然而，在高浓度下，暴露前的粘土矿物化作用得到了刺激。此外，BAM 首次在来自不同 BAM 污染地下水地点的好氧含水层沉积物中被矿化。
