Section of Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Sci Total Environ. 2011 Sep 1;409(19):3732-9. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.06.004. Epub 2011 Jun 23.
Dichlobenil is a herbicide widely used for weed control, mainly in non-agricultural areas and in the aquatic environment. When released into the environment, dichlobenil can undergo many processes such as vaporization to air, binding to soil and sediment, as well as degradation to a number of new compounds. The main metabolite is 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) which is water soluble and causes ground water contamination. It is frequently found in levels exceeding maximum allowed concentrations of pesticides and metabolites in ground water (0.1 μg/L) set by the European Commission. The environmental distribution of both dichlobenil and BAM was outlined and the risk quotients were calculated for biota and for humans. For organisms living in aquatic habitats, risk quotients were low for both dichlobenil and BAM, approximately 0.02 for dichlobenil and 2.4·10(-4) to 1.3·10(-3) for BAM. For humans, a margin of safety above 15,000 was estimated for dichlobenil. The most unusual and extreme concentration of BAM ever found in ground water is 560 μg/L. Even at this concentration, the margin of safety for humans was 313 for a 70 kilo man and 56 for a 25 kilo child. The results clearly demonstrate that the risks to biota and humans are very low.
敌草隆是一种广泛用于除草的除草剂，主要用于非农业领域和水生环境。当释放到环境中时，敌草隆会经历许多过程，如蒸发到空气中、与土壤和沉积物结合以及降解为许多新的化合物。主要代谢物是 2,6-二氯苯甲酰胺（BAM），它易溶于水，会导致地下水污染。它经常在超过欧盟委员会规定的地下水允许浓度的最高农药和代谢物浓度（0.1μg/L）的水平下被发现。概述了敌草隆和 BAM 的环境分布，并计算了生物区系和人类的风险系数。对于生活在水生栖息地的生物，敌草隆和 BAM 的风险系数都很低，大约为 0.02 和 2.4·10(-4) 到 1.3·10(-3)。对于人类，估计敌草隆的安全裕度超过 15000。曾在地下水中发现的 BAM 最不寻常和极端的浓度为 560μg/L。即使在这个浓度下，一个 70 公斤的成年人和一个 25 公斤的儿童的安全裕度分别为 313 和 56。结果清楚地表明，生物区系和人类面临的风险非常低。
