Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2011 Aug 1;3(8):a002683. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a002683.
A major step in the journey from germline stem cell to differentiated gamete is the decision to leave the mitotic cell cycle and begin progression through the meiotic cell cycle. Over the past decade, molecular regulators of the mitosis/meiosis decision have been discovered in most of the major model multicellular organisms. Historically, the mitosis/meiosis decision has been closely linked with controls of germline self-renewal and the sperm/egg decision, especially in nematodes and mice. Molecular explanations of those linkages clarify our understanding of this fundamental germ cell decision, and unifying themes have begun to emerge. Although the complete circuitry of the decision is not known in any organism, the recent advances promise to impact key issues in human reproduction and agriculture.
从生殖细胞到分化配子的旅程中，一个主要步骤是决定离开有丝分裂细胞周期并开始进入减数分裂细胞周期。在过去的十年中，大多数主要的多细胞模式生物中已经发现了有丝分裂/减数分裂决定的分子调节剂。从历史上看，有丝分裂/减数分裂决定与生殖系自我更新和精子/卵子决定密切相关，尤其是在线虫和小鼠中。这些联系的分子解释阐明了我们对这一基本生殖细胞决定的理解，并且开始出现统一的主题。尽管在任何生物体中都不知道该决定的完整电路，但最近的进展有望影响人类生殖和农业的关键问题。
