Division of Applied Research and Technology, MS-C24, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 May;72(5):605-14. doi: 10.4088/JCP.10m06397gry.
Depression due to long work hours and sleep deprivation is a major occupational health concern. The extent to which work hours and sleep are associated with depression was investigated in employees of small- and medium-scale businesses in the Japanese city of Yashio, Saitama, and in the Ohta ward of Tokyo, a suburb of Tokyo, controlling for various potential confounders.
In this cross-sectional study, a total of 2,643 full-time employees (1,928 men and 715 women), aged 18-79 years (mean = 45 years), in 296 small- and medium-scale businesses were surveyed from August 2002 to December 2002 using a self-administered questionnaire evaluating work hours, sleep status, and covariates including sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, biological factors, medication usage, and occupational factors. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Prevalence of depression by work hours, sleep status, and covariates was analyzed by χ² test. Risk of depression by work hours, sleep status, and both combined was estimated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Participants working > 10 hours per day, sleeping < 6 hours per day, and reporting insufficient sleep were, respectively, 37%, 43%, and 97% more likely to be depressed than those working 6 to 8 hours per day, sleeping 6 to < 8 hours per day, and reporting sufficient sleep (P < .05). Participants working > 10 hours per day or > 8 to 10 hours per day with < 6 hours per day of sleep showed a 41%-169% higher prevalence of depression versus those working 6 to 8 hours per day with 6+ hours per day of sleep (P < .05). Participants reporting insufficient sleep in 3 work-hour categories (6 to 8, > 8 to 10, and > 10 hours per day) showed a 62%-179% increase in the prevalence of depression versus those working 6 to 8 hours per day and reporting sufficient sleep (P < .05). No significant effects on depression were found for subjects in any work-hour category with 6+ hours of sleep or with subjective sufficient sleep.
Depression associated with long work hours is primarily a result of sleep deprivation. Greater attention should be paid to management of sleep deprivation to prevent workplace depression.
由于工作时间长和睡眠不足导致的抑郁是一个主要的职业健康问题。本研究旨在探讨在日本埼玉县的八潮市和东京都的大田区的中小企业以及东京的郊区的员工中，工作时间和睡眠与抑郁的关联程度，并控制了各种潜在的混杂因素。
在这项横断面研究中，共有 2643 名全职员工（1928 名男性和 715 名女性），年龄 18-79 岁（平均年龄 45 岁），来自 296 家中小企业，于 2002 年 8 月至 12 月期间使用自我管理问卷进行调查，评估工作时间、睡眠状况以及包括社会人口学和社会经济学因素、健康行为、生物学因素、药物使用和职业因素在内的各种混杂因素。使用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表评估抑郁情况。通过 χ²检验分析不同工作时间、睡眠状况和混杂因素下的抑郁发生率。通过多变量逻辑回归分析评估工作时间、睡眠状况以及两者结合对抑郁的风险。
每天工作 10 小时以上、每天睡眠不足 6 小时和报告睡眠不足的参与者，分别比每天工作 6-8 小时、每天睡眠 6-<8 小时和报告充足睡眠的参与者更容易出现抑郁（P<0.05）。每天工作 10 小时以上或 8-10 小时以上且每天睡眠不足 6 小时的参与者，比每天工作 6-8 小时且每天睡眠 6 小时以上的参与者，抑郁的发生率分别高 41%-169%（P<0.05）。在 3 个工作时间类别（6-8、8-10 和 10 小时以上）中报告睡眠不足的参与者，比每天工作 6-8 小时且报告充足睡眠的参与者，抑郁的发生率分别高 62%-179%（P<0.05）。在任何工作时间类别中，每天睡眠 6 小时以上或主观报告睡眠充足的参与者，抑郁的发生率没有显著变化。
与工作时间长相关的抑郁主要是由于睡眠剥夺所致。应更加关注睡眠剥夺的管理，以预防工作场所的抑郁。
