Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, 204 S. State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1290, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011 Nov 1;118(2-3):452-8. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.05.004. Epub 2011 Jun 12.
The objective of this study was to estimate the lifetime prevalence of diversion (i.e., trading, selling, giving away or loaning) of four classes of controlled medications (pain, stimulant, anti-anxiety, and sleeping) among adolescents, and to identify demographic and behavioral characteristics of adolescents who divert their own controlled medications.
A web-based survey was self-administered by 2744 secondary school students from two southeastern Michigan school districts in 2009-2010. The sample consisted of 51% females, 65% Whites, 29% African-Americans, 4% Asians, 1% Hispanics and 1% from other racial categories.
Thirty-three percent of the students had ever been prescribed at least one controlled pain, stimulant, anti-anxiety, or sleeping medication. Approximately 13.8% (n=117) of lifetime prescribed users of controlled medications (n=848) had ever traded, sold, given away or loaned their medications. Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that being approached to divert medications, nonmedical use of prescription medications, externalizing behaviors, and being non-White were significantly associated with the diversion of controlled medications. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds of substance use and abuse for lifetime prescribed users who diverted their controlled medications were significantly greater than prescribed users who never diverted.
The findings indicate that approximately one in seven prescribed users had diverted their controlled medications in their lifetimes. Being approached to divert medications and substance use are more prevalent among adolescents who diverted their controlled medications. Careful assessments, diligent prescribing and monitoring of controlled medications, and continual patient education could be useful in reducing medication diversion.
本研究旨在估计四类管制药物（疼痛、兴奋剂、抗焦虑和睡眠）在青少年中的终身滥用（即交易、出售、赠送或出借）情况，并确定滥用自身管制药物的青少年的人口统计学和行为特征。
2009-2010 年，通过网络对来自密歇根州东南部两个学区的 2744 名中学生进行了一项自我管理的调查。该样本由 51%的女性、65%的白人、29%的非裔美国人、4%的亚洲人、1%的西班牙裔和 1%的其他种族组成。
33%的学生曾至少被开处一种管制性的止痛、兴奋剂、抗焦虑或睡眠药物。大约 13.8%（n=117）的有过管制药物处方史的患者（n=848）曾有过交易、出售、赠送或出借他们的药物。多变量逻辑回归分析表明，被要求转移药物、非医疗使用处方药物、外化行为以及非白人种族与管制药物的滥用显著相关。多变量逻辑回归分析表明，与从未转移过药物的处方药物使用者相比，转移过管制药物的处方药物使用者发生药物滥用和药物滥用的可能性要大得多。
研究结果表明，大约有七分之一的处方药物使用者在其一生中曾滥用过管制药物。被要求转移药物和药物滥用在转移管制药物的青少年中更为普遍。仔细评估、谨慎开具和监测管制药物以及持续的患者教育可能有助于减少药物滥用。
