J Addict Nurs. 2023;34(3):216-223. doi: 10.1097/JAN.0000000000000539.
Nonmedical prescription stimulants are used to reduce symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity in children and adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity/disorder. They are Schedule II controlled substances because of their high potential for dependence, and individuals who misuse them without a valid prescription are subject to criminal charges. Stimulant medications are also associated with common side effects (e.g., insomnia) as well as more serious but less common side effects (e.g., arrhythmias). Despite the potential health and legal consequences, misuse of prescription stimulants has become a public health crisis on college campuses in the United States. Neurocognitive enhancement is the primary reason that college students report misusing prescription stimulants, despite no enhancement of cognitive functioning when taken by healthy adults. Nursing students may be at risk for misuse because of their high levels of academic and clinical demands and because many start misusing in nursing school. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the databases PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCOhost, and Academic OneFile were systematically searched to investigate the (a) percentage of prescription stimulant misuse studies that have included nursing students, (b) prevalence of prescription stimulant misuse among nursing students, (c) motivations for prescription stimulant misuse among nursing students, and (d) demographic factors associated with increased use among nursing students. Results revealed that of the 197 studies conducted within the past decade (2010-2021), only 1.02% (two) included nursing students. Future studies must investigate the prevalence and nature of prescription stimulant misuse among nursing students.
非医疗处方兴奋剂被用于减少儿童和成人注意力缺陷多动障碍/多动症患者的注意力不集中、冲动和多动症状。由于它们有很高的依赖潜力，它们被列为附表 II 管制物质，而没有有效处方就滥用这些药物的个人将受到刑事指控。兴奋剂药物也会引起常见的副作用（例如失眠），以及更严重但不太常见的副作用（例如心律失常）。尽管存在潜在的健康和法律后果，但在美国大学校园，处方兴奋剂的滥用已成为一场公共卫生危机。神经认知增强是大学生报告滥用处方兴奋剂的主要原因，尽管健康成年人服用时不会增强认知功能。护理专业的学生可能存在滥用风险，因为他们面临着高水平的学术和临床需求，而且许多人在护理学校就开始滥用。根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目的指导原则，系统地搜索了 PubMed、Science Direct、EBSCOhost 和 Academic OneFile 数据库，以调查：(a) 包含护理学生的处方兴奋剂滥用研究的百分比；(b) 护理学生中处方兴奋剂滥用的流行率；(c) 护理学生滥用处方兴奋剂的动机；(d) 与护理学生增加使用相关的人口统计学因素。结果显示，在过去十年（2010-2021 年）进行的 197 项研究中，只有 1.02%（两项）包含护理学生。未来的研究必须调查护理学生中处方兴奋剂滥用的流行率和性质。
