Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Carlyle Fraser Heart Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA.
Exp Physiol. 2011 Sep;96(9):840-6. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.059725. Epub 2011 Jun 10.
Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) has been known as a highly toxic gas for several centuries. There have been considerable advances made in the H(2)S field regarding its physiological role; however, there is much more work that needs to be done. The biosynthesis of H(2)S has been attributed to three endogenous enzymes: cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL or CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). These enzymes require further investigation to more fully elucidate the cellular expression profile, regulation and precise role of these critical enzymes in the production of H(2)S. In recent years, H(2)S has been demonstrated to have cytoprotective effects in multiple organ systems. In particular, it has been demonstrated that the administration of H(2)S either prior to ischaemia or at reperfusion significantly ameliorates myocardial and hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, this review focuses on the cardioprotective and hepatoprotective role of H(2)S. In addition, the review provides a summary of several known molecular targets of H(2)S protection.
硫化氢（H2S）作为一种剧毒气体已经有几个世纪的历史了。在 H2S 领域，其生理作用方面已经取得了相当大的进展；然而，还有更多的工作需要做。H2S 的生物合成归因于三种内源性酶：胱硫醚β-合酶（CBS）、胱硫醚γ-裂解酶（CGL 或 CSE）和 3-巯基丙酮酸硫转移酶（3-MST）。这些酶需要进一步研究，以更充分地阐明这些关键酶在 H2S 产生中的细胞表达谱、调节和精确作用。近年来，H2S 已被证明在多个器官系统中具有细胞保护作用。特别是，已经证明在缺血前或再灌注时给予 H2S 可以显著改善心肌和肝缺血再灌注损伤。因此，本综述重点介绍 H2S 的心脏保护和肝脏保护作用。此外，该综述还总结了 H2S 保护的几个已知分子靶点。
