World Health Organization, Country Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
J Infect Dis. 2011 Jul;204 Suppl 1:S232-8. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jir109.
In 2002, Ethiopia adopted the African regional accelerated measles control strategies to reduce measles mortality. Routine measles vaccination is provided for infants at 9 months of age. A second opportunity for measles vaccination through supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) started in 2002, targeting children aged 6 months-14 years; periodic follow-up SIAs were conducted, targeting children aged 6-59 months from 2005 through 2009.
The administrative coverage data for routine measles vaccination and the respective World Health Organization-United Nations Children's Fund vaccination coverage estimates, as well as administrative coverage during measles SIAs and the measles case-based surveillance data from 2004 through 2009, were reviewed and analyzed.
The administrative coverage with routine measles vaccination increased from 37% in 2000 to 76% in 2009. The SIAs coverage was 92% for the catch-up SIAs, 88% for the first follow-up SIAs, and 92% for the second follow-up SIAs. Measles case-based surveillance met the targets set for the 2 main performance indicators during 2005-2009.
Following the adoption of the measles control strategies, a reduction in the number of reported measles cases and measles outbreaks was documented. However, measles outbreaks continued to occur in Ethiopia, mainly because of suboptimal measles vaccination coverage.
2002 年，埃塞俄比亚采用了非洲区域加速麻疹控制战略，以降低麻疹死亡率。常规麻疹疫苗接种在婴儿 9 个月大时进行。从 2002 年开始，通过补充免疫活动（SIAs）提供了第二次麻疹疫苗接种机会，目标人群为 6 个月至 14 岁儿童；从 2005 年至 2009 年，定期开展后续 SIAs，目标人群为 6-59 个月儿童。
对常规麻疹疫苗接种的行政覆盖数据以及世界卫生组织-联合国儿童基金会相应的疫苗接种覆盖率估计数据，以及麻疹补充免疫活动期间的行政覆盖数据和 2004 年至 2009 年的麻疹基于病例的监测数据进行了审查和分析。
常规麻疹疫苗接种的行政覆盖率从 2000 年的 37%增加到 2009 年的 76%。补种 SIAs 的覆盖率为 92%，第一次后续 SIAs 的覆盖率为 88%，第二次后续 SIAs 的覆盖率为 92%。2005-2009 年期间，麻疹基于病例的监测达到了 2 项主要绩效指标的设定目标。
在采用麻疹控制战略后，报告的麻疹病例和麻疹暴发数量有所减少。然而，麻疹暴发在埃塞俄比亚仍时有发生，主要原因是麻疹疫苗接种覆盖率不理想。
