Vaccine Preventable Diseases and Immunization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt.
J Infect Dis. 2011 Jul;204 Suppl 1:S289-98. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jir140.
Since 1997, when the goal of interrupting measles transmission by 2010 was adopted, substantial progress has been made toward the elimination of measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). For the 22 EMR member countries, routine coverage with the first dose of a measles-containing vaccine (MCV) increased from 70% in 1997 to 82% in 2009. All 22 countries conducted measles catch-up vaccination campaigns during 1994-2009, and most conducted follow-up campaigns as needed. Of the 22 EMR countries, 19 have established case-based surveillance for measles with laboratory confirmation. Reported measles cases decreased by 86% during 1998-2008, and estimated measles mortality decreased by 93% during 2000-2008, accounting for 17% of global measles mortality reduction during that period. Despite these successes, several significant challenges remain, and the EMR will not be able to achieve measles elimination by the end of 2010. Achieving and maintaining high population immunity with 2 doses of MCV, improving sensitive case-based surveillance, identifying and vaccinating high-risk subpopulation groups, and appropriately responding to outbreaks are key steps needed to achieve the goal.
自 1997 年通过 2010 年消灭麻疹的目标以来，在东地中海区域（EMR）消除麻疹方面取得了重大进展。对于 22 个 EMR 成员国，含麻疹疫苗（MCV）的第一剂常规覆盖率从 1997 年的 70%增加到 2009 年的 82%。所有 22 个国家都在 1994-2009 年期间开展了麻疹补种运动，并且大多数国家根据需要开展了后续运动。在 22 个 EMR 国家中，有 19 个国家建立了基于病例的麻疹实验室确诊监测系统。1998-2008 年期间，报告的麻疹病例减少了 86%，2000-2008 年期间，估计麻疹死亡率减少了 93%，占同期全球麻疹死亡率下降的 17%。尽管取得了这些成功，但仍面临一些重大挑战，因此 EMR 无法在 2010 年底前实现消灭麻疹的目标。实现并维持 2 剂 MCV 的高人群免疫力、改善敏感的基于病例的监测系统、发现和为高危亚人群接种疫苗以及对疫情做出适当反应，是实现这一目标所需的关键步骤。
