Sun Haixin, Chen Shengyun, Jiang Bin, Zhao Xingquan, Wu Shengping, Liu Yunhai, Huang Jiuyi, He Li, Wang Wenzhi
Department of Neuroepidemiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Neurol Res. 2011 Jun;33(5):536-40. doi: 10.1179/016164111X13007856084368.
Intensive control of the risk factors of stroke and the pre-hospital delay after stroke onset both depend on the level of knowledge of stroke in the general population. Our primary objective was to assess the public knowledge about stroke among urban residents in four cities in China.
A semi-structured interview and questionnaire was delivered in a survey. Standardized risk factor and symptom statements were used to measure knowledge. The setting of two communities from four different cities of China was used to target a mix of social class and geography. Using systematic sampling and the household as a unit, at least 300 households were chosen in one community. Each household selected one person to fill in the self-designed questionnaire. Uniform training of community physicians was conducted before the survey, and the community physicians completed the survey by face to face indoor-investigation.
Total integral questionnaires numbered 2519. The investigation showed that (1) hypertension was identified as a risk factor by nearly 90% of residents. Dyslipidemia, smoking, diabetes, and non-modifiable risk factors were identified by less than 65%; (2) medical therapy of hypertension and diabetes was known by nearly 80% of residents, and the awareness of lifestyle modification was less; (3) weakness or numbness were the most common symptoms identified by community residents (80.2%), and the awareness of other symptoms of stroke ranged from 58.2 to 71.2%; (4) the stroke knowledge score and education level were positively correlated (r(s) = 0.088, P<0.001), and age was negatively correlated (r(s) = -0.142, P<0.001); (5) 53.0% of residents would call an emergency medical system once stroke symptoms began; (6) the main sources of information about stroke were television (74.4%), doctors (63.2%) and newspapers (61.8%).
At present, the urban community residents in China are lacking in knowledge about stroke. Going forward, we should strengthen health education through television, medical staff, newspapers, magazines. Targeted educational populations should be directed at those who are elderly, lower education, male and high risk.
对中风危险因素的强化控制以及中风发作后的院前延误均取决于普通人群对中风的认知水平。我们的主要目标是评估中国四个城市城市居民对中风的公众认知情况。
在一项调查中采用半结构化访谈和问卷。使用标准化的危险因素和症状陈述来衡量认知情况。选取中国四个不同城市的两个社区作为调查对象，以涵盖不同社会阶层和地理位置。采用系统抽样，以家庭为单位，在一个社区中至少选取300户家庭。每户家庭选一人填写自行设计的问卷。在调查前对社区医生进行统一培训，社区医生通过面对面室内调查完成调查。
共收集到有效问卷2519份。调查显示：（1）近90%的居民将高血压识别为危险因素。血脂异常、吸烟、糖尿病和不可改变的危险因素的识别率低于65%；（2）近80%的居民了解高血压和糖尿病的药物治疗，而对生活方式改变的知晓率较低；（3）虚弱或麻木是社区居民识别出的最常见症状（80.2%），对中风其他症状的知晓率在58.2%至71.2%之间；（4）中风知识得分与教育水平呈正相关（r(s)=0.088，P<0.001），与年龄呈负相关（r(s)= -0.142，P<0.001）；（5）53.0%的居民一旦出现中风症状会呼叫急救医疗系统；（6）中风信息的主要来源是电视（74.4%）、医生（63.2%）和报纸（61.8%）。
目前，中国城市社区居民对中风的知识缺乏了解。未来，我们应通过电视、医务人员、报纸、杂志加强健康教育。有针对性的教育人群应针对老年人、低学历者、男性和高危人群。
