Meyer R P, Hardy J L, Reisen W K
Department of Biomedical and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
J Med Entomol. 1990 Jul;27(4):607-14. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/27.4.607.
Microhabitat temperatures experienced by nocturnally active Culex tarsalis Coquillett mosquitoes were measured in the southern San Joaquin Valley of California. Temperatures of the diurnal resting shelter and nocturnal activity air space were measured by digital recorder at three Cx. tarsalis habitats in Kern County. Temperatures measured by digital recorders agreed well with temperatures recorded concurrently at nearby California Irrigation Management and Inspection System weather stations. Monthly temperatures among habitats were combined to depict the diel temperature regimen experienced by female Cx. tarsalis as a consequence of daily movement between the diurnal resting shelter and nocturnal air space. Transitions between the two microhabitats corresponded to the times of mosquito ingress and egress (i.e., sunrise and sunset). The composite daily temperature mean ranged from 7.4 degrees C in December to 21.5 degrees C in July, and temperature extremes seldom exceeded a daily maximum of 25.0 degrees C during the summer or dropped below a daily minimum of 5.0 degrees C during the winter. Overall, mosquitoes occupied a composite thermal environment where the extrinsic incubation of an arbovirus would have occurred at ambient temperatures that were cooler than either the diurnal resting shelter or activity air space.
在加利福尼亚州圣华金河谷南部，对夜间活动的致倦库蚊（Culex tarsalis Coquillett）所处的微生境温度进行了测量。通过数字记录仪，在克恩县的三个致倦库蚊栖息地测量了日间栖息场所和夜间活动空间的温度。数字记录仪测量的温度与附近加利福尼亚灌溉管理与检查系统气象站同时记录的温度高度吻合。将各栖息地的月温度汇总，以描绘雌性致倦库蚊因日间在日间栖息场所和夜间活动空间之间移动而经历的昼夜温度变化规律。这两个微生境之间的转换与蚊子进出的时间（即日出和日落）相对应。综合日平均温度范围从12月的7.4摄氏度到7月的21.5摄氏度，夏季温度极值很少超过每日最高25.0摄氏度，冬季很少降至每日最低5.0摄氏度以下。总体而言，蚊子所处的综合热环境中，虫媒病毒的外在潜伏期会在比日间栖息场所或活动空间温度更低的环境温度下发生。
