ZMBP-Plant Physiology, Tübingen University, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
J Plant Res. 2011 Jul;124(4):467-75. doi: 10.1007/s10265-011-0434-x. Epub 2011 Jun 15.
Hydrophytes comprise aquatic macrophytes from various taxa that are able to sustain and to complete their lifecycle in a flooded environment. Their ancestors, however, underwent adaptive processes to withstand drought on land and became partially or completely independent of water for sexual reproduction. Interestingly, the step backwards into the high-density aquatic medium happened independently several times in numerous plant taxa. For flowering plants, this submersed life-style is especially difficult as they need to erect their floral organs above the water surface to be pollinated. Moreover, fresh-water plants evolved the adaptive mechanism of heterophylly, which enabled them to switch between a submersed and an emersed leaf morphology. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a key factor of heterophylly induction in aquatic plants and is a major switch between a submersed and emersed life. The mechanisms of ABA signal perception and transduction appear to be conserved throughout the evolution of basal plants to angiosperms and from terrestrial to aquatic plants. This review summarizes the interplay of environmental factors that act through ABA to orchestrate adaptation of plants to their aquatic environment.
水生植物包括来自不同类群的水生大型植物，它们能够在水淹环境中维持和完成生命周期。然而，它们的祖先经历了适应陆地干旱的过程，在有性繁殖中部分或完全脱离了水。有趣的是，在许多植物类群中，这种退回到高密度水生介质的情况多次独立发生。对于开花植物来说，这种水生生活方式尤其困难，因为它们需要将花器官伸出水面进行授粉。此外，淡水植物进化出异形叶性的适应机制，使它们能够在水生和陆生叶形态之间切换。植物激素脱落酸 (ABA) 是水生植物异形叶性诱导的关键因素，也是水生和陆生植物之间的主要转换开关。ABA 信号感知和转导的机制似乎在从基生植物到被子植物以及从陆生植物到水生植物的整个进化过程中都是保守的。本综述总结了通过 ABA 作用于环境因素来协调植物适应水生环境的相互作用。
