Wang Ying, Wu Zhihua, Jia Mingyu, Li Jing, Song Tongrui, Jin Hongyan, Sun Jianhao, Qiu Chen, Lu Xiaona, Yuan Yang, Chen Yongqiang, Jiao Peipei, Li Zhijun
Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China.
College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 25;26(1):66. doi: 10.3390/ijms26010066.
Oliv. typically has four kinds of heteromorphic leaves: linear (Li), lanceolate (La), ovate (Ov) and broad ovate (Bo). Heteromorphic leaves help adapt to extreme desert environments and further contribute to protection against land desertification in Northwest China. In the authors' previous research, growth-regulating factors (GRFs) were speculated to be related to the development of heteromorphic leaves via multi-omics integrated analysis. However, the genomic features and biological role of the gene family in heteromorphic leaves are still unclear. In this study, 19 genes were genome-widely identified and characterized in , and their physicochemical properties, gene structure and phylogenetic evolution were analyzed. An analysis of the research showed that were unevenly distributed on 11 chromosomes and that PeGRF proteins contained conserved motif 1 (WRC) and motif 2 (QLQ). Moreover, 19, 15, 19 and 22 were identified in Marshall, Schrenk, C. Wang et C. Y. Yang and W. C. Cheng, respectively. A collinearity analysis showed that the family evolved slowly within Populus species. A phylogenetic tree of the GRF family was also constructed, and GRFs were divided into four subfamilies. A large number of cis-acting elements were related to plant growth and development, plant hormone response and stress response on the promoter of . The expression pattern of showed significant up-regulation in broad leaves (Ov and Bo) compared with narrow leaves (Li and La). In combination with the predicted gene regulatory network, () may have an important contribution to the leaf shape development of The heterologous expression of in wild-type plants (Col-0) of (L.) Heynh was also studied, showing a significant increase in the leaf area of overexpressing plants compared with the wild type. Nineteen gene members were identified and characterized in , and a comparison of the genomic analysis of Populus GRF members revealed their evolutionary features. The further overexpression of in revealed its biological role in the heteromorphic leaves of This study not only provides new insights into the evolution and function of PeGRFs in heteromorphic leaves but also helps in an understanding of the adaptive evolution of in drought desert environments.
线形（Li）、披针形（La）、卵形（Ov）和阔卵形（Bo）。异形叶有助于适应极端沙漠环境，并进一步有助于中国西北地区的土地沙漠化防治。在作者之前的研究中，通过多组学综合分析推测生长调节因子（GRFs）与异形叶的发育有关。然而，该基因家族在异形叶中的基因组特征和生物学作用仍不清楚。在本研究中，在胡杨中全基因组鉴定并表征了19个基因，并分析了它们的理化性质、基因结构和系统发育进化。研究分析表明，这些基因在11条染色体上分布不均，胡杨GRF蛋白包含保守基序1（WRC）和基序2（QLQ）。此外，分别在胡杨、灰杨、银灰杨和毛白杨中鉴定出19个、15个、19个和22个该基因。共线性分析表明，该基因家族在杨属物种中进化缓慢。还构建了GRF家族的系统发育树，GRFs被分为四个亚家族。在胡杨GRF基因启动子上，大量顺式作用元件与植物生长发育、植物激素反应和胁迫反应有关。与窄叶（Li和La）相比，胡杨GRF基因在阔叶（Ov和Bo）中的表达模式显示出显著上调。结合预测的基因调控网络，PeGRF基因可能对胡杨的叶形发育有重要贡献。还研究了胡杨GRF基因在拟南芥野生型植株（Col-0）中的异源表达，结果表明，过表达植株的叶面积与野生型相比显著增加。在胡杨中鉴定并表征了19个GRF基因成员，对杨属GRF成员的基因组分析比较揭示了它们的进化特征。在胡杨中进一步过表达该基因揭示了其在胡杨异形叶中的生物学作用。本研究不仅为胡杨异形叶中PeGRFs的进化和功能提供了新见解，也有助于理解胡杨在干旱沙漠环境中的适应性进化。
