Huang Wei-Shin, Hsu Chun-Chia, Liu Chau-Chyun, Lai Ching-Huei
Graduate Institute of Design Science, Tatung University, Taipei 104, Taiwan, ROC.
Psychol Rep. 2011 Apr;108(2):487-502. doi: 10.2466/22.PR0.108.2.487-502.
This study examined the effects of visual-verbalload (as measured by a visually presented reading-memory task with three levels) on a visual/auditory stimulus-response task. The three levels of load were defined as follows: "No Load" meant no other stimuli were presented concurrently; "Free Load" meant that a letter (A, B, C, or D) appeared at the same time as the visual or auditory stimulus; and "Force Load" was the same as "Free Load," but the participants were also instructed to count how many times the letter A appeared. The stimulus-response task also had three levels: "irrelevant," "compatible," and "incompatible" spatial conditions. These required different key-pressing responses. The visual stimulus was a red ball presented either to the left or to the right of the display screen, and the auditory stimulus was a tone delivered from a position similar to that of the visual stimulus. Participants also processed an irrelevant stimulus. The results indicated that participants perceived auditory stimuli earlier than visual stimuli and reacted faster under stimulus-response compatible conditions. These results held even under a high visual-verbal load. These findings suggest the following guidelines for systems used in driving: an auditory source, appropriately compatible signal and manual-response positions, and a visually simplified background.
本研究考察了视觉-言语负荷（通过具有三个水平的视觉呈现阅读记忆任务来衡量）对视觉/听觉刺激-反应任务的影响。负荷的三个水平定义如下：“无负荷”意味着不同时呈现其他刺激；“自由负荷”意味着一个字母（A、B、C或D）与视觉或听觉刺激同时出现；“强制负荷”与“自由负荷”相同，但还要求参与者数字母A出现的次数。刺激-反应任务也有三个水平：“不相关”、“兼容”和“不兼容”空间条件。这些条件需要不同的按键反应。视觉刺激是一个红色球，呈现于显示屏的左侧或右侧，听觉刺激是从与视觉刺激相似的位置发出的音调。参与者还处理一个不相关刺激。结果表明，参与者比视觉刺激更早感知到听觉刺激，并且在刺激-反应兼容条件下反应更快。即使在高视觉-言语负荷下，这些结果依然成立。这些发现为驾驶中使用的系统提出了以下指导原则：一个听觉源、适当兼容的信号和手动反应位置，以及视觉上简化的背景。
