Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 Third St., West Lafayette, IN 47907-2081, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2013 Apr;39(2):593-609. doi: 10.1037/a0029923. Epub 2012 Sep 10.
Binary-choice reactions are typically faster when the stimulus location corresponds with that of the response than when it does not. This advantage of spatial correspondence is known as the stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) effect when the mapping of stimulus location, as the relevant stimulus dimension, is varied to be compatible or incompatible with response location. It is called the Simon effect when stimulus location is task-irrelevant. The SRC effect is eliminated when compatible and incompatible spatial mappings are mixed within a trial block, and the Simon effect is eliminated when the Simon task is mixed with the SRC task with incompatible spatial mapping. Eliminations of both types have been attributed to suppression of an automatic response-activation route. We tested predictions of this suppression hypothesis for conditions in which the SRC and Simon tasks were intermixed and the spatial mappings on the SRC trials could be compatible or incompatible. In Experiment 1, the two tasks were equally likely, as were compatible and incompatible spatial mappings on SRC trials; in Experiment 2, the SRC or Simon task was more frequent; and, in Experiment 3, the compatible or incompatible location mapping for the SRC task was more frequent. The SRC effect was absent overall in all experiments, whereas the Simon effect was robust to the manipulations and showed the characteristic decrease across the reaction time (RT) distribution. This dissociation of effects implies that the automatic response-activation route is not suppressed in mixed conditions and suggests that mixing influences the SRC and Simon effects by different means.
当刺激位置与反应位置相同时，二择一反应通常比刺激位置与反应位置不同时更快。当刺激位置作为相关刺激维度的映射发生变化以与反应位置兼容或不兼容时，这种空间对应优势被称为刺激-反应兼容性 (SRC) 效应。当刺激位置与任务不相关时，这种效应被称为西蒙效应。当在一个试验块内混合兼容和不兼容的空间映射时，SRC 效应会被消除，当将西蒙任务与具有不兼容空间映射的 SRC 任务混合时，西蒙效应会被消除。这两种效应的消除都归因于对自动反应激活途径的抑制。我们测试了这种抑制假设在 SRC 和西蒙任务混合且 SRC 试验上的空间映射可以兼容或不兼容的情况下的预测。在实验 1 中，两个任务的出现概率相等，SRC 试验上的兼容和不兼容的空间映射也是如此；在实验 2 中，SRC 或西蒙任务出现的频率更高；在实验 3 中，SRC 任务的兼容或不兼容位置映射更频繁。在所有实验中，SRC 效应总体上都不存在，而西蒙效应在这些操作中仍然很强大，并表现出跨反应时 (RT) 分布的特征下降。这种效应的分离意味着在混合条件下，自动反应激活途径没有被抑制，并表明混合通过不同的方式影响 SRC 和西蒙效应。
