Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
Trends Genet. 2011 Aug;27(8):295-306. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2011.05.006. Epub 2011 Jun 15.
Nuclear bodies including nucleoli, Cajal bodies, nuclear speckles, Polycomb bodies, and paraspeckles are membraneless subnuclear organelles. They are present at steady-state and dynamically respond to basic physiological processes as well as to various forms of stress, altered metabolic conditions and alterations in cellular signaling. The formation of a specific nuclear body has been suggested to follow a stochastic or ordered assembly model. In addition, a seeding mechanism has been proposed to assemble, maintain, and regulate particular nuclear bodies. In coordination with noncoding RNAs, chromatin modifiers and other machineries, various nuclear bodies have been shown to sequester and modify proteins, process RNAs and assemble ribonucleoprotein complexes, as well as epigenetically regulate gene expression. Understanding the functional relationships between the 3D organization of the genome and nuclear bodies is essential to fully uncover the regulation of gene expression and its implications for human disease.
核体包括核仁、Cajal 体、核斑、多梳体和核周体，它们是无膜的核内细胞器。它们在稳定状态下存在，并对基本生理过程以及各种形式的应激、代谢条件改变和细胞信号转导改变做出动态响应。已经提出了特定核体的形成遵循随机或有序组装模型。此外，还提出了一种成核机制来组装、维持和调节特定的核体。与非编码 RNA、染色质修饰物和其他机制一起，各种核体已被证明可以隔离和修饰蛋白质、加工 RNA 并组装核糖核蛋白复合物，以及表观遗传调控基因表达。理解基因组的 3D 组织与核体之间的功能关系对于充分揭示基因表达的调控及其对人类疾病的影响至关重要。
