Institute of Behavior and Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Community Ment Health J. 2012 Jun;48(3):275-83. doi: 10.1007/s10597-011-9424-7. Epub 2011 Jun 17.
To assess the relative importance of four different measures of HIV-related stigma in predicting psychological problems among children affected by HIV in rural China. Cross-sectional data were collected from 755 orphans (i.e., children who lost one or both of their parents to HIV), 466 vulnerable children (children who were living with HIV-infected parents), and 404 comparison children who were from the same community and did not have HIV-related illness or death in their families. Four HIV-related stigma measures include perceived public stigma against people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), perceived public stigma against children affected by HIV (orphans and vulnerable children), personal stigmatizing attitudes against PLWHA, and enacted stigma among children affected by HIV. Psychological problems included depression and adjustment problems. Various measures of HIV-related stigma independently and differentially contribute to children's psychological problems. Enacted stigma and children's perceived public stigma against PLWHA or children affected by HIV are generally stronger predictors of psychological problems than their own feelings or attitudes towards PLWHA. Various aspects of HIV-related stigma are important for us to understand the perception, attitudes, and experience of children affected by HIV, including both children experiencing HIV-related parental illness and death in their own family and children who were living in the communities hardly hit by HIV. Future health promotion and psychological care efforts for children affected by HIV need to consider the effect of various forms of HIV-related stigma on these children's psychosocial well-being and mobilize the community resources to mitigate the negative effect of HIV-related stigma on PLWHA and their children.
为了评估四种不同的 HIV 相关污名指标在预测中国农村受 HIV 影响儿童心理问题方面的相对重要性，本研究收集了横断数据。研究对象包括 755 名孤儿（即父母一方或双方因 HIV 而去世的儿童）、466 名弱势儿童（与 HIV 感染父母生活在一起的儿童）和 404 名对照儿童（来自同一社区且家庭中没有 HIV 相关疾病或死亡的儿童）。四种 HIV 相关污名指标包括感知的公众对 HIV/AIDS 感染者的污名、感知的公众对受 HIV 影响儿童的污名（孤儿和弱势儿童）、对 HIV 感染者的个人污名化态度和受 HIV 影响儿童的实施污名。心理问题包括抑郁和适应问题。各种 HIV 相关污名指标独立且不同程度地导致了儿童的心理问题。实施污名和儿童对 HIV 感染者或受 HIV 影响儿童的感知公众污名通常比他们自己对 HIV 感染者的感受或态度更能预测心理问题。HIV 相关污名的各个方面对于我们理解受 HIV 影响儿童的认知、态度和经历都很重要，包括在自己家庭中经历 HIV 相关父母疾病和死亡的儿童以及生活在受 HIV 影响较小的社区中的儿童。未来针对受 HIV 影响儿童的健康促进和心理关怀工作需要考虑各种形式的 HIV 相关污名对这些儿童社会心理福祉的影响，并调动社区资源减轻 HIV 相关污名对 HIV 感染者及其子女的负面影响。
