Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2013 Apr;15(2):166-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2011.00339.x. Epub 2011 Apr 19.
Titanium (Ti) surface roughness and surface hydrophilicity are key factors to regulate osteogenic cell responses during dental implant healing. In detail, specific integrin-mediated interactions with the extracellular environment trigger relevant osteogenic cell responses like differentiation and matrix synthesis via transcriptions factors. Aim of this study was to monitor surface-dependent osteogenic cell adhesion dynamics, proliferation, and specific osteogenic cell differentiation over a period of 7 days.
Ti disks were manufactured to present smooth pretreatment (PT) surfaces and rough sandblasted/acid-etched (SLA) surfaces. Further processing to isolate the uncontaminated TiO(2) surface from contact with atmosphere provided a highly hydrophilic surface without alteration of the surface topography (modSLA). Tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) served as control. Human osteogenic cells were cultivated on the respective substrates. After 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days, cell morphology on the Ti substrates was visualized by scanning transmission electron microscopy. As a marker of cellular proliferation, cell count was assessed. For the analysis of cell adhesion and differentiation, specific gene expression levels of the integrin subunits β1 and αv, runx-2, collagen type Iα (COL), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and osteocalcin (OC) were obtained by real-time RT-PCR for the respective time points. Data were normalized to internal controls.
TCPS and PT surfaces preserved a rather immature, dividing osteogenic phenotype (high proliferation rates, low integrin levels, and low specific osteogenic cell differentiation). SLA and especially modSLA surfaces promoted both cell adhesion as well as the maturation of osteogenic precursors into post-mitotic osteoblasts. In detail, during the first 48 hours, modSLA resulted in lowest cell proliferation rates but exhibited highest levels of the investigated integrins, runx-2, COL, AP, and OC.
Our results revealed a strong synergistic effect between submicron-scale roughness and surface hydrophilicity on early osteogenic cell adhesion and maturation.
钛（Ti）表面粗糙度和表面亲水性是调节牙种植体愈合过程中成骨细胞反应的关键因素。具体来说，特定的整合素与细胞外环境的相互作用通过转录因子触发相关的成骨细胞反应，如分化和基质合成。本研究的目的是监测依赖于表面的成骨细胞黏附动力学、增殖和特定的成骨细胞分化在 7 天内的情况。
制造 Ti 圆盘，呈现光滑预处理（PT）表面和粗糙喷砂/酸蚀（SLA）表面。进一步的处理将与大气接触的 TiO2 表面隔离，提供高度亲水的表面，而不改变表面形貌（modSLA）。组织培养聚苯乙烯（TCPS）作为对照。将人成骨细胞培养在各自的基质上。在 24 小时、48 小时、72 小时和 7 天时，通过扫描透射电子显微镜观察 Ti 基底上的细胞形态。作为细胞增殖的标志物，评估细胞计数。为了分析细胞黏附和分化，通过实时 RT-PCR 获得整合素亚基β1 和αv、runx-2、胶原 Iα（COL）、碱性磷酸酶（AP）和骨钙素（OC）的特定基因表达水平，用于各时间点。数据标准化为内部对照。
TCPS 和 PT 表面保留了较为不成熟的、分裂的成骨表型（高增殖率、低整合素水平和低特异性成骨细胞分化）。SLA 特别是 modSLA 表面促进了细胞黏附和成骨前体向有丝分裂后成骨细胞的成熟。具体来说，在最初的 48 小时内，modSLA 导致最低的细胞增殖率，但表现出最高水平的研究整合素、runx-2、COL、AP 和 OC。
我们的结果揭示了亚微米级粗糙度和表面亲水性对早期成骨细胞黏附和成熟的协同作用。
