Institute of Farm Animal Genetics (FLI), Biotechnology, Mariensee, 31535 Neustadt, Germany.
Microsc Microanal. 2011 Aug;17(4):474-97. doi: 10.1017/S1431927611000080. Epub 2011 Jun 20.
Pluripotent cells are unique because of their ability to differentiate into the cell lineages forming the entire organism. True pluripotent stem cells with germ line contribution have been reported for mice and rats. Human pluripotent cells share numerous features of pluripotentiality, but confirmation of their in vivo capacity for germ line contribution is impossible due to ethical and legal restrictions. Progress toward derivation of embryonic stem cells from domestic species has been made, but the derived cells were not able to produce germ line chimeras and thus are termed embryonic stem-like cells. However, domestic animals, in particular the domestic pig (Sus scrofa), are excellent large animals models, in which the clinical potential of stem cell therapies can be studied. Reprogramming technologies for somatic cells, including somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, in vitro culture in the presence of cell extracts, in vitro conversion of adult unipotent spermatogonial stem cells into germ line derived pluripotent stem cells, and transduction with reprogramming factors have been developed with the goal of obtaining pluripotent, germ line competent stem cells from domestic animals. This review summarizes the present state of the art in the derivation and maintenance of pluripotent stem cells in domestic animals.
多能细胞的独特之处在于它们能够分化为形成整个生物体的细胞谱系。已经有报道称，在老鼠和大鼠中存在具有种系贡献的真正多能干细胞。人类多能细胞具有许多多能性特征，但由于伦理和法律限制，无法确认其体内种系贡献的能力。已经在从家畜中获得胚胎干细胞方面取得了进展，但所获得的细胞不能产生种系嵌合体，因此被称为胚胎干细胞样细胞。然而，家畜，特别是家猪（Sus scrofa），是优秀的大型动物模型，可以在其中研究干细胞疗法的临床潜力。已经开发了用于体细胞的重编程技术，包括体细胞核转移、细胞融合、在细胞提取物存在下的体外培养、体外将成年单能精原干细胞转化为种系衍生的多能干细胞，以及用重编程因子转导，目的是从家畜中获得多能、种系相容的干细胞。本综述总结了目前在家畜中获得和维持多能干细胞的最新技术。
