Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 3-23-1 Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan.
J Hum Evol. 2011 Sep;61(3):270-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.04.002. Epub 2011 Jun 17.
Skull IX (Tjg-1993.05) was unearthed from the upper stratigraphic zone (Bapang-AG levels) of the hominin-bearing sequence in Sangiran. This remarkably complete cranial specimen of Homo erectus from the early Pleistocene of Java preserves substantial portions of the vault and face. However, the distortion present in the original reconstruction has hampered detailed documentation of its morphological characteristics. We here report a new reconstruction of Skull IX that successfully recovers the original morphology and significantly differs from previous reconstructions. Detailed morphological description and the results of initial comparative analyses based on this new reconstruction are provided. The endocranial volume of Skull IX was measured as 870 cc using micro-CT data. The neurocranium of Skull IX is slightly smaller than the so far recorded smallest cranium from this zone, suggesting this individual was female. In most, but not all, aspects of the cranial vault form, details of the external surface structures, and facial morphology, Skull IX exhibits numerous similarities to the other Bapang-AG H. erectus specimens, indicating that it belonged to the Bapang-AG H. erectus population. Drawing on the expanded fossil sample of this chronoregional H. erectus group, we discuss their evolutionary status, degree of sexual dimorphism, and facial morphological variation in Afro-Asian earlier Homo specimens.
颅骨九号（Tjg-1993.05）出土于 Sangiran 含人类化石序列的上部地层（Bapang-AG 层）。这具来自爪哇早更新世的非常完整的直立人头骨保存了颅顶和面部的大部分。然而，原始重建中存在的变形阻碍了对其形态特征的详细记录。我们在此报告颅骨九号的新重建，该重建成功地恢复了原始形态，与之前的重建有显著差异。我们提供了详细的形态描述和基于该新重建的初步比较分析的结果。颅骨九号的颅内体积通过 micro-CT 数据测量为 870 cc。颅骨九号的脑颅略小于该区域迄今为止记录到的最小颅骨，表明这是一名女性。在颅骨穹窿形态的大多数方面，但不是所有方面，外部表面结构的细节和面部形态，颅骨九号与其他 Bapang-AG 直立人标本表现出许多相似之处，表明它属于 Bapang-AG 直立人群体。通过这个时期的直立人化石样本的扩展，我们讨论了它们的进化地位、性二型程度以及非亚早期 Homo 标本的面部形态变异。
