Department of Business and Economics, Eastern Mennonite University, Harrisonburg, VA 22802, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2011 Jul;73(1):160-8. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.04.028. Epub 2011 May 27.
This study uses a partial equilibrium simulation model to explore how price subsidies for insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) affect households' purchases of ITNs. The model describes the ITN market in a typical developing country and is applied to the situation in Tanzania, where the Tanzania National Voucher Scheme (TNVS) provides a targeted subsidy to vulnerable population groups by means of a discount voucher. The data for this study come from a nationally-representative household survey completed July-August 2006 covering over 4300 households in 21 districts. The simulation results show the impact of the voucher program on ITN coverage among target households, namely those that experienced the birth of a child. More specifically, the share of target households purchasing an ITN increased from 18 to 62 percent because of the discount voucher. The model also suggests that the voucher program could cause the retail ITN price to rise due to an overall increase in demand. As a result, ITN purchases by households without a voucher may actually decline. The simulation model suggests that additional increases toward the stated goal of 80 percent ITN coverage for pregnant women and children could best be achieved through a combination of "catch up" mass distribution programs and expanding the target group for the voucher program to cover additional households. The model can be employed in other countries considering use of a targeted price subsidy for ITNs, and could be adapted to assess the impact of subsidies for other public health commodities.
本研究采用局部均衡模拟模型，探讨了对驱虫蚊帐（ITN）的价格补贴如何影响家庭对 ITN 的购买。该模型描述了典型发展中国家的 ITN 市场，并将其应用于坦桑尼亚的情况，该国的坦桑尼亚国家代金券计划（TNVS）通过折扣代金券向弱势群体提供有针对性的补贴。本研究的数据来自 2006 年 7 月至 8 月期间在 21 个地区完成的一项全国代表性家庭调查，涵盖了超过 4300 户家庭。模拟结果表明，代金券计划对目标家庭（即经历过孩子出生的家庭）的 ITN 覆盖率的影响。具体而言，由于折扣代金券的存在，目标家庭购买 ITN 的比例从 18%增加到 62%。该模型还表明，由于整体需求增加，代金券计划可能导致零售 ITN 价格上涨。因此，没有代金券的家庭的 ITN 购买实际上可能会下降。模拟模型表明，通过结合“追赶”大规模分发计划和扩大代金券计划的目标群体以覆盖更多家庭，可以更好地实现将孕妇和儿童的 ITN 覆盖率提高到 80%的既定目标。该模型可用于其他考虑对 ITN 进行有针对性价格补贴的国家，并可用于评估对其他公共卫生商品补贴的影响。
