Urological Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Eur Urol. 2011 Sep;60(3):516-26. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.05.055. Epub 2011 Jun 12.
Testicular cancer patients are often diagnosed at a young age, and because of the advances in the treatment of this disease, the vast majority have a normal life expectancy after therapy. Thus, recognition of the long-term sequelae of treatment (ie, surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy) is particularly important in these patients.
To review the adverse effects and the risk of secondary malignancy in long-term survivors of testicular cancer.
We conducted a Medline search to identify original articles and reviews on the long-term effects of testicular cancer treatment. Although the search included articles from January 1948 to February 2011, the majority of the included articles were published in the last two decades.
All studies examining the long-term sequelae of treatment in testicular cancer are retrospective in nature, with most classified as cohort, case-control, and/or epidemiologic studies. Given that no standardized method of reporting long-term complications exists, evidence synthesis is limited.
Recent evidence suggests an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, neurotoxicity, and mild reductions in renal function in survivors of testicular cancer. Treatment of testicular malignancy can also negatively affect gonadal function and fertility and has been shown to result in an increased risk of solid malignancy and leukemia.
睾丸癌患者通常在年轻时被诊断出来，由于这种疾病的治疗取得了很大进展，绝大多数患者在治疗后具有正常的预期寿命。因此，在这些患者中，识别治疗的长期后果（即手术、放射治疗和化学疗法）尤为重要。
综述睾丸癌长期幸存者的不良影响和继发恶性肿瘤的风险。
我们进行了 Medline 检索，以确定关于睾丸癌治疗的长期影响的原始文章和综述。尽管该搜索包括了 1948 年 1 月至 2011 年 2 月的文章，但所包括的大多数文章都是在过去二十年中发表的。
所有研究都是回顾性的，研究睾丸癌治疗长期后果的研究本质上都是回顾性的，大多数被归类为队列、病例对照和/或流行病学研究。鉴于没有关于长期并发症的标准化报告方法，因此证据综合受到限制。
最近的证据表明，睾丸癌幸存者患心血管疾病、神经毒性和肾功能轻度下降的风险增加。治疗睾丸恶性肿瘤也会对性腺功能和生育能力产生负面影响，并已显示出增加实体恶性肿瘤和白血病的风险。
