National Institute of Education, Singapore.
Br J Soc Psychol. 2012 Dec;51(4):690-708. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.2011.02033.x. Epub 2011 Jun 20.
Based on the tenets of self-determination theory, the present studies examined the moderating effects of interpersonal contexts or goal conditions that afforded satisfaction of psychological needs on loss aversion effects. We hypothesized that behavioural responses to small losses would be stronger relative to behavioural responses to small gains under goal conditions or interpersonal contexts that did not support psychological needs. We also expected the effect to be minimized under goal conditions or interpersonal contexts that supported psychological needs. This prediction was supported in Study 1 that induced satisfaction of psychological needs via manipulations of interpersonal context and in Study 2 that instigated satisfaction of psychological needs via manipulations of goal contents. In addition, Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated that psychological needs reduced the classic loss aversion effect by increasing behavioural and affective responses to gains and not because psychological needs altered affective or behavioural responses to losses. Results of the present studies support the conclusion that contextual autonomy support and the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic goals proposed by self-determination theory define a boundary condition of the loss aversion hypothesis.
基于自我决定理论的原则，本研究考察了人际环境或目标条件对损失规避效应的调节作用，这些环境或条件可以满足心理需求。我们假设，在不支持心理需求的目标条件或人际环境下，对小损失的行为反应会强于对小收益的行为反应。我们还预计，在支持心理需求的目标条件或人际环境下，这种影响会最小化。这一预测在通过人际环境操纵来诱导心理需求满足的研究 1 和通过目标内容操纵来激发心理需求满足的研究 2 中得到了支持。此外，研究 1 和 2 表明，心理需求通过增加对收益的行为和情感反应，而不是通过改变对损失的情感或行为反应，减少了经典的损失规避效应。本研究的结果支持这样的结论，即情境自主支持和自我决定理论提出的内在和外在目标之间的区别，为损失规避假设定义了一个边界条件。
