Strubelt O, Brasch H, Pentz R, Younes M
Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lubeck, FRG.
J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1990;28(2):221-33. doi: 10.3109/15563659008993494.
Rats anesthetized with pentobarbital and ventilated artificially were infused with 0.01 ml formalin (= 0.12 mmol formaldehyde)/kg.min. They exhibited a sharp decline of arterial blood pressure, heart rate and peripheral resistance and a slower one of cardiac output and died after 59.9 +/- 6.0 min of infusion. Sinus bradycardia and, in some cases, AV-arrhythmia occurred in the ECG. The additional infusion with cysteine attenuated the cardiovascular failure and more than doubled the survival time of formalin-infused rats. Infusion of N-acetylcysteine or correction of formalin-induced metabolic acidosis with sodium bicarbonate, on the other hand, did not exert antidotal activity. On isolated rat atria in vitro, formalin decreased the rate and the contractility and cysteine antagonized these effects of formalin. In conclusion, the severe and often lethal incidents observed following the therapeutic administration of formalin are due to the cardiovascular-depressive activity of formaldehyde and may be antagonized by cysteine.
用戊巴比妥麻醉并进行人工通气的大鼠，以0.01 ml福尔马林（= 0.12 mmol甲醛）/kg·min的速度进行输注。它们的动脉血压、心率和外周阻力急剧下降，心输出量下降较慢，输注59.9±6.0分钟后死亡。心电图出现窦性心动过缓，部分病例出现房室心律失常。额外输注半胱氨酸可减轻心血管衰竭，并使福尔马林输注大鼠的存活时间延长一倍以上。另一方面，输注N-乙酰半胱氨酸或用碳酸氢钠纠正福尔马林诱导的代谢性酸中毒，均未发挥解毒作用。在体外分离的大鼠心房上，福尔马林降低了心率和收缩力，半胱氨酸可拮抗福尔马林的这些作用。总之，福尔马林治疗给药后观察到的严重且常致命的事件是由于甲醛的心血管抑制活性，半胱氨酸可拮抗这种活性。
