LIENSs, UMR 6250 Université de La Rochelle-CNRS, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouge, 17000 La Rochelle, France.
Water Res. 2011 Aug;45(14):4152-68. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.05.024. Epub 2011 May 31.
The degradation of water quality and the multiple conflicts of interest between users make marsh restoration very important. A Water Quality Evaluation System (WQES) was developed for river systems by the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Some form of biologically-based, habitat-specific reference standard seems absolutely essential for wise management and stewardship of marsh ecosystems. The goal of this study was to develop a statistical method to define and to characterize a water body typology for drained marshes of the Charente-Maritime wetlands on the French Atlantic coast, placing particular emphasis on environmental factors as hydraulic functioning, human activities and pedological substratum. The Charente-Maritime marshes represent a good field study because of his high diversity of types of marshes and of anthropogenic activities in a restrictive area thus erasing spatial climatic effect (latitude effect). The statistical method developed here had permitted to define and characterize 12 different water bodies, 7 in freshwater (F1 to F7) and 5 in salt water marshes for the Charente-Maritime area. This typology demonstrated an important link between the size catchment area, nitrate concentrations, and leaching of precipitation from cultured soils. Even though the Charente-Maritime marshes are strongly impacted by humans, they may still retain the ability to remove nitrate. The increasing gradient of water renewal in the freshwater marshes from F1 to F7 explained the decreasing gradient of eutrophication. A better management of the hydrodynamic of the marshes can avoid eutrophication risk on the coastal sea area. Reliance on the WFD parameter set necessarily placed limits on the kinds of interpretations that could be made and on the study's potential contribution to the basic science of marshes. Ecologically-based insights regarding both external flows (links between ecosystems, meta-ecosystem theory) and internal flows (structure of the planktonic food web) seem an essential prerequisite for further advances in the study of marsh ecosystems.
水质恶化和用户之间的多种利益冲突使得湿地恢复变得非常重要。《欧洲水框架指令》（WFD）为河流系统开发了水质评估系统（WQES）。对于湿地生态系统的明智管理和管理，似乎绝对需要某种基于生物的、特定栖息地的参考标准。本研究的目的是开发一种统计方法，为法国大西洋沿岸滨海夏朗德沼泽地排水沼泽定义和描述水体类型，特别强调水力功能、人类活动和土壤基质等环境因素。滨海夏朗德沼泽是一个很好的实地研究案例，因为其沼泽类型和人类活动的多样性，以及在一个限制区域内消除空间气候效应（纬度效应）。这里开发的统计方法允许定义和描述 12 个不同的水体，7 个淡水（F1 到 F7）和 5 个盐水沼泽，用于滨海夏朗德地区。这种分类法表明了集水区面积、硝酸盐浓度和受培养土壤淋溶的降水之间的重要联系。尽管滨海夏朗德沼泽受到人类的强烈影响，但它们仍可能具有去除硝酸盐的能力。淡水沼泽从 F1 到 F7 的水更新梯度增加解释了富营养化程度的梯度下降。对沼泽水动力的更好管理可以避免沿海海域的富营养化风险。对 WFD 参数集的依赖必然限制了可以进行的解释类型和该研究对沼泽基本科学的潜在贡献。关于外部流（生态系统之间的联系、元生态系统理论）和内部流（浮游食物网结构）的基于生态的见解似乎是沼泽生态系统研究进一步发展的必要前提。
