Abbas Hafsa, Imran Saira, Waris Noorul-ain-Hafeez, Khanam Andleeb, Khurshid Rukshshan
Department of Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore, Pakistan.
J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2010 Apr-Jun;22(2):79-82.
The spectrum of breast lesions in adolescents varies markedly from that for adults, with the former lesions being overwhelmingly benign. Fine needle biopsy can be used to distinguish benign and malignant tumour.
This study examined the characteristics and outcome of women with different age groups in whom physical examination was their sole method of lump in breast detection.
A total of 200 patients were included in the study. These were divided into 3 groups. Group A was consisting of 75 girls with age of pubescent. Group B included 69 suspected breast cancer women with age range 26-38 years. Fifty-six suspected breast cancer women with age range 41-60 year were included as group C. Study was carried out in patients admitted in the Department/Out-door of Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Study period was 6 months. All women received a physical examination by a breast surgeon. Proforma including demographic and clinical characteristics were filled. The diagnosis for patients in this study was achieved by core needle biopsy using a 14-gauge cutting needle.
It was observed that early age at menarche (<15 year) plays an important role in developing both type of tumour, i.e., benign or malignant. Body Mass Index (BMI) with a range of 19-25 may be a risk factor in developing both type of tumours especially in pubescent and reproductive age, while BMI>25 may be a risk factor in peri/post menopausal women. Active life style is more important with increasing age as it decreases the risk of developing tumour state. Family history was more common in women with peri/post menopausal status as compared to other age groups. Clinical characteristics showed that lump size <2.5 cm was more common in both pubescent and reproductive age. While lump size with a range of 2.5-5.0 cm, was observed in all groups of patients. Fibroadenoma is observed in almost all women with pubesenct age while both benign and malignant tumour observed in women with reproductive age. Malignant tumour was observed mostly in women with peri/post menopausal status.
Study concluded that early detection or clinical examination with FNA cut out the patients from harassment of malignancy and complications especially in the pubescent age. It is also found that Physical examination remain the useful indicators of prognosis in diagnosing cancer. Further research is needed to fully understand the reasons for variations in breast disease outcomes i.e. malignant or benign.
青少年乳腺病变的范围与成年人明显不同，前者的病变绝大多数是良性的。细针穿刺活检可用于区分良性和恶性肿瘤。
本研究调查了仅通过体格检查来检测乳腺肿块的不同年龄组女性的特征和结果。
本研究共纳入200例患者。这些患者被分为3组。A组由75名青春期女孩组成。B组包括69名年龄在26至38岁之间的疑似乳腺癌女性。C组包括56名年龄在41至60岁之间的疑似乳腺癌女性。研究在巴基斯坦拉合尔甘加拉姆爵士医院外科住院部/门诊进行。研究为期6个月。所有女性均接受了乳腺外科医生的体格检查。填写了包括人口统计学和临床特征在内的表格。本研究中患者的诊断通过使用14号切割针进行的粗针活检来实现。
观察到初潮年龄早（<15岁）在良性或恶性这两种类型肿瘤的发生中都起着重要作用。体重指数（BMI）在19至25之间可能是这两种类型肿瘤发生的危险因素，尤其是在青春期和生育年龄，而BMI>25可能是围绝经期/绝经后女性的危险因素。随着年龄增长，积极的生活方式更为重要，因为它会降低患肿瘤状态的风险。与其他年龄组相比，家族史在围绝经期/绝经后女性中更为常见。临床特征显示，肿块大小<2.5 cm在青春期和生育年龄女性中更为常见。而在所有患者组中都观察到肿块大小在2.5至5.0 cm之间。几乎所有青春期女性都观察到纤维腺瘤，而生育年龄女性中观察到良性和恶性肿瘤。恶性肿瘤大多在围绝经期/绝经后女性中观察到。
研究得出结论，早期发现或通过细针穿刺活检进行临床检查可使患者免受恶性肿瘤和并发症的困扰，尤其是在青春期。还发现体格检查仍然是诊断癌症时预后的有用指标。需要进一步研究以充分了解乳腺疾病结果（即恶性或良性）差异的原因。
