Gastrin-releasing peptide in normal and neoplastic human lung: measurement and biochemical characterization.

Levels of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) were determined by radioimmunoassay in human normal main and lobar bronchus and parenchymal lung tissue extracts. It was found that the level of GRP differed significantly between all 3 areas. The concentration of GRP was statistically higher in main bronchus (median 6.74 ng/g) compared to both lobar bronchus (median 4.79 ng/g) and parenchymal lung (median 1.73 ng/g), and also statistically higher in lobar bronchus compared to parenchymal lung. Chromatographically, GRP-immunoreactivity in both main and lobar bronchial extracts corresponded to GRP1-27 and GRP18-27, while in lung tissue only one major species was identified which corresponded in retention time to GRP18-27. No significant difference was detected when the levels of GRP in normal lobar bronchus and normal lung tissue were compared to the levels in lobar bronchus and lung taken from patients with lung carcinoma, at a site adjacent to the carcinoma. However, a significant difference was observed between the GRP content of normal main bronchus compared to main bronchus from patients with carcinoma. GRP was measured in 26/56 lung carcinomas examined. The levels ranged from 42,000 ng/g in a carcinoid tumour to 0.18 ng/g in a squamous-cell carcinoma, though only in 6 tumours were the levels outside the range determined for normal pulmonary tissue. Chromatography of selected tumour extracts of different histopathologies showed that there were differences in the GRP products present.