Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
Neuropsychologia. 2011 Aug;49(10):2856-65. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.06.011. Epub 2011 Jun 15.
The goal of this study was to assess the effect of novelty on correct recognition (hit minus false alarms) and on recollection and familiarity processes in normal aging and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Recognition tasks compared well-known and novel stimuli in the verbal domain (words vs. pseudowords) and in the musical domain (well-known vs. novel melodies). Results indicated that novel materials associated with lower correct recognition and lower recollection, an effect that can be related to its lower amenability to elaborative encoding in comparison with well-known items. Results also indicated that normal aging impairs recognition of well-known items, whereas MCI impairs recognition of novel items only. Healthy older adults showed impaired recollection and familiarity relative to younger controls and individuals with MCI showed impaired recollection relative to healthy older adults. The recollection deficit in healthy older adults and persons with MCI and their impaired recognition of well-known items is compatible with the difficulty both groups have in encoding information in an elaborate manner. In turn, familiarity deficit could be related to impaired frontal functioning. Therefore, novelty of material has a differential impact on recognition in persons with age-related memory disorders.
本研究旨在评估新颖性对正常衰老和遗忘型轻度认知障碍（MCI）个体正确识别（击中率减去虚报率）以及再认和熟悉过程的影响。在言语领域（单词与假词）和音乐领域（熟知旋律与新旋律）的识别任务中，比较了熟知和新颖的刺激。结果表明，新颖的材料与较低的正确识别率和较低的再认率相关，这一效应可归因于与熟知项目相比，新颖材料的精细编码能力较低。结果还表明，正常衰老会损害对熟知项目的识别，而 MCI 仅损害对新颖项目的识别。与年轻对照组相比，健康老年人的再认和熟悉能力受损，与健康老年人相比，MCI 个体的再认能力受损。健康老年人和 MCI 个体的再认缺陷以及他们对熟知项目的识别受损，与这两个群体以精细方式编码信息的困难有关。相反，熟悉缺陷可能与额叶功能受损有关。因此，新颖性材料对与年龄相关的记忆障碍个体的识别有不同的影响。
