Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1600, USA.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011 Jul;50(7):681-686.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.03.020. Epub 2011 Jun 11.
To document high rates and clinical correlates of nonauditory hallucinations in childhood onset schizophrenia (COS).
Within a sample of 117 pediatric patients (mean age 13.6 years), diagnosed with COS, the presence of auditory, visual, somatic/tactile, and olfactory hallucinations was examined using the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). We also compared hallucination modality membership (presence/absence) groups on gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, age of onset (of psychosis), Full Scale IQ, Verbal IQ, and clinical severity (Children's Global Assessment Scale [CGAS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms [SANS]).
A total of 111 COS patients (94.9%) had auditory and 94 patients (80.3%) had visual hallucinations. Somatic/tactile (60.7%) and olfactory (29.9%) hallucinations occurred almost exclusively in patients who also had visual hallucinations. Children who had visual hallucinations had lower IQ, earlier age of onset, and more severe illness relative to children who did not have visual hallucinations.
In this study, we observed that patients with COS have high rates of hallucinations across all modalities. An increased rate of visual hallucinations is associated with greater clinical impairment and greater compromise in overall brain functioning. Somatic and olfactory hallucinations reflect an additive rather than alternative symptom pattern.
记录儿童发病精神分裂症（COS）中发生率高且与临床相关的非听觉幻觉。
在 117 名被诊断为 COS 的儿科患者（平均年龄 13.6 岁）样本中，使用阳性症状评定量表（SAPS）检查听觉、视觉、躯体/触觉和嗅觉幻觉的存在情况。我们还比较了幻觉模态成员（存在/缺失）组的性别、社会经济地位、种族、发病年龄（精神病）、全量表智商、言语智商和临床严重程度（儿童总体评估量表 [CGAS] 和负性症状评定量表 [SANS]）。
共有 111 名 COS 患者（94.9%）有听觉幻觉，94 名患者（80.3%）有视觉幻觉。躯体/触觉（60.7%）和嗅觉（29.9%）幻觉几乎仅发生在有视觉幻觉的患者中。与没有视觉幻觉的儿童相比，有视觉幻觉的儿童智商较低、发病年龄更早、疾病更严重。
在这项研究中，我们观察到 COS 患者的所有模态都存在较高的幻觉发生率。视觉幻觉发生率的增加与更严重的临床损伤和更严重的整体大脑功能损害有关。躯体和嗅觉幻觉反映了一种附加而非替代的症状模式。
