Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States.
Environ Int. 2011 Nov;37(8):1321-8. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.05.016. Epub 2011 Jun 23.
The impact of cigarette smoking on volatile organic compound (VOC) blood levels is studied using 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Cigarette smoke exposure is shown to be a predominant source of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and styrene (BTEXS) measured in blood as determined by (1) differences in central tendency and interquartile VOC blood levels between daily smokers [≥1 cigarette per day (CPD)] and less-than-daily smokers, (2) correlation among BTEXS and the 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF) smoking biomarker in the blood of daily smokers, and (3) regression modeling of BTEXS blood levels versus categorized CPD. Smoking status was determined by 2,5-DMF blood level using a cutpoint of 0.014 ng/ml estimated by regression modeling of the weighted data and confirmed with receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis. The BTEXS blood levels among daily smokers were moderately-to-strongly correlated with 2,5-DMF blood levels (correlation coefficient, r, ranging from 0.46 to 0.92). Linear regression of the geometric mean BTEXS blood levels versus categorized CPD showed clear dose-response relationship (correlation of determination, R(2), ranging from 0.81 to 0.98). Furthermore, the pattern of VOCs in blood of smokers is similar to that reported in mainstream cigarette smoke. These results show that cigarette smoking is a primary source of benzene, toluene and styrene and an important source of ethylbenzene and xylene exposure for the U.S. population, as well as the necessity of determining smoking status and factors affecting dose (e.g., CPD, time since last cigarette) in assessments involving BTEXS exposure.
使用 2003-2004 年全国健康和营养调查（NHANES）的数据研究了吸烟对挥发性有机化合物（VOC）血液水平的影响。（1）每天吸烟[≥1 支香烟（CPD）]和非每天吸烟之间血液中 VOC 中心趋势和四分位距的差异，（2）每天吸烟血液中 BTEX 和 2,5-二甲基呋喃（2,5-DMF）吸烟生物标志物之间的相关性，以及（3）回归建模 BTEX 血液水平与分类 CPD 的关系，证明吸烟暴露是血液中苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯和苯乙烯（BTEX）的主要来源。使用回归建模估计的 0.014ng/ml 2,5-DMF 血液水平的切点通过加权数据确定吸烟状态，并通过接收者操作曲线（ROC）分析进行验证。每天吸烟的 BTEX 血液水平与 2,5-DMF 血液水平呈中度至强相关（相关系数 r 范围为 0.46 至 0.92）。几何平均 BTEX 血液水平与分类 CPD 的线性回归显示出明显的剂量反应关系（决定系数 R² 范围为 0.81 至 0.98）。此外，吸烟者血液中 VOC 的模式与主流香烟烟雾中报告的模式相似。这些结果表明，吸烟是苯、甲苯和苯乙烯的主要来源，也是乙基苯和二甲苯暴露的重要来源，这也表明在涉及 BTEX 暴露的评估中，需要确定吸烟状态和影响剂量的因素（例如 CPD、上次吸烟后的时间）。
