Jain Ram B
2959 Estate View Ct, Dacula, GA 30019, USA.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;56:21-28. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.031. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed to evaluate detection rates, trend in and factors affecting the observed levels of 1,4-dichlorobenzene, benzene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, styrene, toluene, and m/p-xylene among US adolescents and adults over 2005-2012. Over 2005-20102, among adolescents, detection rates declined by more than 50% for benzene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene, and among adults, detection rates declined by more than 50% for ethylbenzene and o-xylene and by a little less than 50% for benzene. Among adults, adjusted levels of 1, 4-dichlorobenzene, benzene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, toluene, and m/p-xylene decreased by 13.7%, 17.1%, 20%, 17.7%, 23.2%, and 18.7% respectively for every two-year survey cycle. Among adolescents, percentage decline in the levels of 1, 4-dichlorobenzene, benzene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, styrene, toluene, and m/p-xylene was 15.2%, 21.4%, 19.3%, 16.1%, 47.8%, and 17.7% respectively for every two year survey period. The ratio of adjusted geometric means for adult smokers as compared to adult nonsmokers was 10.7 for benzene, 3.5 for ethylbenzene, 2.0 for o-xylene, 3.4 for styrene, 3.5 for toluene, and 2.2 for m/p-xylene. Among adolescents, gender did not affect the adjusted levels of any of the seven VOCs, and the order in which adjusted levels for 1, 4-dichlorobenzene by race/ethnicity was observed was: non-Hispanic white (0.038ng/mL)<Mexican American (0.102ng/mL)<non-Hispanic black (0.178ng/mL) and most of the pairwise comparisons were statistically significantly different (p<=0.02) but race/ethnicity did not affect the adjusted levels for benzene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, styrene, toluene, and m/p-xylene. For benzene, males had lower levels of adjusted geometric means (AGM) than females (0.021 vs. 0.025ng/mL). For adults, gender did not affect the adjusted levels of 1, 4-dicholorobenzene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, styrene, toluene, and m/p-xylene.
分析了美国国家健康与营养检查调查的数据，以评估2005年至2012年期间美国青少年和成年人中1,4 - 二氯苯、苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯、甲苯和间/对二甲苯的检测率、变化趋势及影响观测水平的因素。在2005年至2010年期间，青少年中，苯、乙苯和邻二甲苯的检测率下降超过50%；成年人中，乙苯和邻二甲苯的检测率下降超过50%，苯的检测率下降略低于50%。在成年人中，每两年的调查周期内，1,4 - 二氯苯、苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、甲苯和间/对二甲苯的校正水平分别下降了13.7%、17.1%、20%、17.7%、23.2%和18.7%。在青少年中，每两年的调查周期内，1,4 - 二氯苯、苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯、甲苯和间/对二甲苯水平的下降百分比分别为15.2%、21.4%、19.3%、16.1%、47.8%和17.7%。成年吸烟者与成年不吸烟者的校正几何均值之比，苯为10.7，乙苯为3.5，邻二甲苯为2.0，苯乙烯为3.4，甲苯为3.5，间/对二甲苯为2.2。在青少年中，性别不影响七种挥发性有机化合物中任何一种的校正水平，按种族/族裔划分的1,4 - 二氯苯校正水平顺序为：非西班牙裔白人(0.038ng/mL)<墨西哥裔美国人(0.102ng/mL)<非西班牙裔黑人(0.178ng/mL)，大多数两两比较在统计学上有显著差异(p<=0.02)，但种族/族裔不影响苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯、甲苯和间/对二甲苯的校正水平。对于苯，男性的校正几何均值水平低于女性(0.021对0.025ng/mL)。对于成年人，性别不影响1,4 - 二氯苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯、甲苯和间/对二甲苯的校正水平。
