Consorzio Venezia Ricerche, Venice, Italy.
Environ Int. 2011 Nov;37(8):1307-20. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.05.010. Epub 2011 Jun 24.
Environmental risks are traditionally assessed and presented in non spatial ways although the heterogeneity of the contaminants spatial distributions, the spatial positions and relations between receptors and stressors, as well as the spatial distribution of the variables involved in the risk assessment, strongly influence exposure estimations and hence risks. Taking into account spatial variability is increasingly being recognized as a further and essential step in sound exposure and risk assessment. To address this issue an innovative methodology which integrates spatial analysis and a relative risk approach was developed. The purpose of this methodology is to prioritize sites at regional scale where a preliminary site investigation may be required. The methodology aimed at supporting the inventory of contaminated sites was implemented within the spatial decision support sYstem for Regional rIsk Assessment of DEgraded land, SYRIADE, and was applied to the case-study of the Upper Silesia region (Poland). The developed methodology and tool are both flexible and easy to adapt to different regional contexts, allowing the user to introduce the regional relevant parameters identified on the basis of user expertise and regional data availability. Moreover, the used GIS functionalities, integrated with mathematical approaches, allow to take into consideration, all at once, the multiplicity of sources and impacted receptors within the region of concern, to assess the risks posed by all contaminated sites in the region and, finally, to provide a risk-based ranking of the potentially contaminated sites.
尽管污染物空间分布的异质性、受体和胁迫源的空间位置和关系，以及风险评估中涉及的变量的空间分布强烈影响暴露估计，从而影响风险，但传统上环境风险是通过非空间方式进行评估和呈现的。考虑空间变异性正逐渐被视为健全暴露和风险评估的进一步和必要步骤。为了解决这个问题，开发了一种将空间分析和相对风险方法相结合的创新方法。该方法的目的是优先考虑需要初步现场调查的区域尺度的地点。该方法旨在支持污染场地清单，已在用于退化土地的区域风险评估空间决策支持系统 SYRIADE 中实施，并应用于上西里西亚地区（波兰）的案例研究。开发的方法和工具既灵活又易于适应不同的区域环境，可以让用户根据用户专业知识和区域数据可用性，引入基于区域的相关参数。此外，使用的 GIS 功能与数学方法相结合，允许同时考虑关注区域内的多种污染源和受影响的受体，评估该区域内所有污染场地造成的风险，并最终根据风险对潜在污染场地进行排名。
