Consorzio Venezia Ricerche, Venice, Italy.
Environ Int. 2011 Nov;37(8):1295-306. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.05.005. Epub 2011 Jul 2.
As highlighted in the EU Soil Communication, local contamination is one of the main soil threats and it is often related to present and past industrial activities which left a legacy of a high number of contaminated sites in Europe. These contaminated sites can be harmful to many different receptors according to their sensitivity/susceptibility to contamination, and specific vulnerability evaluations are needed in order to manage this widely spread environmental issue. In this paper a novel comprehensive vulnerability assessment framework to assess regional receptor susceptibility to contaminated site is presented. The developed methodology, which combines multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques and spatial analysis, can be applied to different receptors recognized as relevant for regional assessment. In order to characterize each receptor, picked parameters significant for the estimation of the vulnerability to contaminated sites have been selected, normalized and aggregated by means of multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques. The developed MCDA methodology, based on the Choquet integral, allows to include expert judgments for the elicitation of synergic and conflicting effects between involved criteria and is applied to all the geographical objects representing the identified receptors. To test the potential of the vulnerability methodology, it has been applied to a specific case study area in the upper Silesia region of Poland where it proved to be reliable and consistent with the environmental experts' expected results. The vulnerability assessment results indicate that groundwater is the most vulnerable receptor characterized by a wide area with vulnerability scores belonging to the highest vulnerability class. As far as the other receptors are concerned, human health and surface water are characterized by quite homogeneous vulnerability scores falling in the medium-high vulnerability classes, while protected areas resulted to be the less vulnerable receptor with only one protected area falling in the medium vulnerability class. The vulnerability assessment results will support the regional risk assessment for the ranking of potentially contaminated sites at regional scale.
正如欧盟土壤传播中所强调的那样，局部污染是土壤的主要威胁之一，通常与当前和过去的工业活动有关，这些活动在欧洲遗留了大量污染场地。这些污染场地根据其对污染的敏感性/易感性，可能对许多不同的受体造成危害，因此需要进行特定的脆弱性评估，以管理这一广泛存在的环境问题。本文提出了一种新的综合脆弱性评估框架，用于评估区域受体对污染场地的敏感性。所开发的方法结合了多准则决策分析（MCDA）技术和空间分析，可应用于被认为与区域评估相关的不同受体。为了描述每个受体，选择了对污染场地脆弱性估计有意义的选定参数，通过多准则决策分析（MCDA）技术进行归一化和聚合。基于 Choquet 积分的开发的 MCDA 方法允许纳入专家判断，以确定所涉及标准之间的协同和冲突效应，并将其应用于代表所确定受体的所有地理对象。为了测试脆弱性方法的潜力，将其应用于波兰上西里西亚地区的一个特定案例研究区域，结果表明该方法可靠且与环境专家的预期结果一致。脆弱性评估结果表明，地下水是最脆弱的受体，具有属于最高脆弱性类别的广泛区域。就其他受体而言，人类健康和地表水的脆弱性得分相当均匀，属于中高脆弱性类别，而保护区是最不脆弱的受体，只有一个保护区属于中脆弱性类别。脆弱性评估结果将支持区域风险评估，以对区域范围内的潜在污染场地进行排名。
