Interdisciplinary Graduate Studies, Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, British Columbia, Canada.
Maturitas. 2011 Aug;69(4):304-11. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.05.009. Epub 2011 Jun 25.
Males and females may exhibit diverse expressions of Parkinson's disease (PD) as a result of biological and social differences. In general, a higher incidence of PD is found among males (RR=1.5) compared to females. However, rigidity, postural instability and levodopa-induced dyskinesia are more prevalent in females with PD. These fluctuations affect motor performance and impact functional ability. This systematic review suggests that there is minimal research literature with respect to females living with PD. Specifically, the influence of physical ability in females with PD is underemphasized, considering its contribution to functional daily living and quality of life. Three intervention and nine functional assessment studies met inclusion criteria (n=302; mean age=65.5±8.3 years, 44% female). Reports suggest that females with PD have different gait patterns compared to 'healthy' age-matched females and males with PD. Females with PD experience increased freezing of gait as compared to males with PD. Dynamic balance was reduced in females compared to males with PD. Differences in cardiorespiratory fitness compared to healthy age-matched females was inconclusive. Studies were rated to be of moderate quality (20±5.4/32) and future studies should focus on improving sex-matched recruitment, randomized group allocation, and blinding of evaluators to ensure unbiased results. Regardless, the specific impact of PD on females warrants further investigation.
由于生物和社会差异的原因，男性和女性可能表现出不同的帕金森病 (PD) 症状。一般来说，男性 PD 的发病率高于女性（RR=1.5）。然而，PD 女性中更常见僵硬、姿势不稳和左旋多巴诱导的运动障碍。这些波动会影响运动表现并影响功能能力。本系统评价表明，针对 PD 女性的研究文献很少。具体来说，考虑到其对日常生活功能和生活质量的贡献，PD 女性的身体能力的影响被低估了。符合纳入标准的干预研究有 3 项，功能评估研究有 9 项（n=302；平均年龄=65.5±8.3 岁，44%为女性）。报告表明，PD 女性的步态模式与“健康”年龄匹配的女性和 PD 男性不同。PD 女性比 PD 男性更易出现步态冻结。与 PD 男性相比，女性的动态平衡能力降低。与健康年龄匹配的女性相比，心肺功能适应性的差异尚无定论。研究的质量评分为中等（20±5.4/32），未来的研究应侧重于改善性别匹配的招募、随机分组和评估者的盲法，以确保结果无偏倚。无论如何，PD 对女性的具体影响值得进一步研究。
