Supramolecular Structures Generated by Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes and their Application in Catalysis.

We survey recent studies on composite particles made from spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPB) and catalytically active nanoparticles or enzymes. SPB consist of a solid core (diameter: ca. 100 nm) onto which long chains of anionic or cationic polyelectrolyte (PE) are densely grafted ("PE brush"). Immersed in water the PE layer affixed to the colloidal core will swell due to the enormous osmotic pressure of the confined counterions ("osmotic brush"). This confinement of the counterions can be used to generate metal nanoparticles on the surface of the SPB. Moreover, enzymes can be immobilized within the PE layer. In both cases, the resulting composite particles are stable against coagulation and can be easily handled and filtered off. The catalytic activity of both systems is largely preserved in case of the enzymes, in case of the metal nanoparticles it is even enhanced. Thus, the SPB present an excellent carrier system for applications in catalysis.